Table 3.

Descriptive Statistics and Bivariate Relations.

Variable	M (SD)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1. MMD-HP frequency	39.50 (23.60)	–
2. MMD-HP distress	47.18 (26.79)	.88***	–
3. MMD-HP total	116.43 (87.46)	.95***	.93***	–
4. MIOS shame	8.25 (5.64)	.25***	.23***	.25***	–
5. MIOS trust-violation	11.32 (5.36)	.37***	.31***	.38***	.56***	–
6. MIOS total	19.59 (9.73)	.35***	.30***	.36***	.89***	.88***	–
7. PHQ-9	10.72 (6.56)	.35***	.27***	.36***	.47***	.47***	.53***	–
8. GAD-7	9.15 (6.00)	.32***	.25***	.33***	.44***	.47***	.52***	.80***	–
9. PCL-5	31.64 (19.32)	.46***	.39***	.47***	.42***	.50***	.52***	.77***	.73***	–
10. WBI	3.69 (2.26)	.42***	.34***	.41***	.40***	.45***	.48***	.61***	.57***	.54***	–
11. Years of experience		-.02	−.02	−.03	−.07*	−.07*	−.08*	−.05	−.10***	−.05*	−.09**	–
12. Patient care		.17***	.16***	.17***	.07*	.05	.06*	.06*	.02	.04	.05	−.07**	–
13. COVID care		.24***	.23***	.23***	.14***	.11**	.14***	.08*	.11**	.12***	.18***	.08**	−.27***

Note. Means and standard deviations are excluded for Years of Experience, Patient Care, and COVID Care as the former two are ordinal variables and the latter is a binary, nominal variable (proportions presented in Table 1). Pearson correlation coefficients are reported for continuous associations, Kendall’s tau is reported for ordinal by continuous and ordinal by ordinal associations, and a rank biserial coefficient is reported for the ordinal by binary association. Years of experience = Years of experience as HCW; Patient care = Percent of workload patient care; COVID care = Provided COVID-19 patient care; MMD-HP = Measure of Moral Distress for Health Care Professionals; MIOS = Moral Injury Outcome Scale; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment; WBI = Expanded Well-Being Index.

^*p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001.