Table 3.

Quality of evidence assessment for each outcome

Quality assessment						Summary of findings
Outcome	Limitations	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication bias	Total number of participants	Conclusion	Quality of evidence (GRADE)
Rest pain score at 2 postoperative hours (analogue scale, 0–10)	No major limitationsa	Serious inconsistencyb	No serious indirectnessc	No serious imprecisiond	No publication bias	1115	No difference between groups	Moderate quality (⊕⊕⊕O)e
Rest pain score at 24 postoperative hours (analogue scale, 0–10)	No major limitationsa	Serious inconsistencyb	No serious indirectnessc	No serious imprecisiond	No publication bias	1636	Reduced rest pain score in liposomal bupivacaine group	Moderate quality (⊕⊕⊕O)e
Rest pain score at 48 postoperative hours (analogue scale, 0–10)	No major limitationsa	Serious inconsistencyb	No serious indirectnessc	No serious imprecisiond	No publication bias	1759	Reduced rest pain score in liposomal bupivacaine group	Moderate quality (⊕⊕⊕O)e
Rest pain score at 72 postoperative hours (analogue scale, 0–10)	No major limitationsa	Serious inconsistencyb	No serious indirectnessc	No serious imprecisiond	No publication bias	1570	Reduced rest pain score in liposomal bupivacaine group	Moderate quality (⊕⊕⊕O)e
Interval iv morphine equivalent consumption at 0–24 postoperative hours	No major limitationsa	Serious inconsistencyb	No serious indirectnessc	No serious imprecisiond	No publication bias	1414	No difference between groups	Moderate quality (⊕⊕⊕O)e
Interval iv morphine equivalent consumption at 24–48 postoperative hours	No major limitationsa	Serious inconsistencyb	No serious indirectnessc	No serious imprecisiond	No publication bias	1153	No difference between groups	Moderate quality (⊕⊕⊕O)e
Interval iv morphine equivalent consumption at 48–72 postoperative hours	No major limitationsa	Serious inconsistencyb	No serious indirectnessc	No serious imprecisiond	No publication bias	1067	No difference between groups	Moderate quality (⊕⊕⊕O)e
Presence of nausea or vomiting at 24 postoperative hours	No major limitationsa	No serious inconsistency	No serious indirectnessc	No serious imprecisiond	No publication bias	141	No difference between groups	Moderate quality (⊕⊕⊕O)f
Presence of nausea or vomiting at 48 postoperative hours	No major limitationsa	No serious inconsistency	No serious indirectnessc	No serious imprecisiond	No publication bias	141	No difference between groups	Moderate quality (⊕⊕⊕O)f
Presence of nausea or vomiting at 72 postoperative hours	No major limitationsa	No serious inconsistency	No serious indirectnessc	No serious imprecisiond	No publication bias	314	Presence of nausea or vomiting reduced in liposomal bupivacaine group	Moderate quality (⊕⊕⊕O)f
Hospital length of stay (hours)	No major limitationsa	Serious inconsistencyb	No serious indirectnessc	No serious imprecisiond	No publication bias	1381	No difference between groups	Moderate quality (⊕⊕⊕O)e

^aAs only a limited number of studies suffered from a high-risk of bias, we estimated there is no major limitation.

^bI² above 50%.

^cConsistent definition of the reported outcome.

^dNo serious imprecision as the clinical decision would not be modified whether the upper of lower boundary limit of the confidence interval represented the truth.

^eWe rated down the quality of evidence for serious inconsistency.

^fWe rated down for limitations, as six trials or less reported this outcome.