Table 3.
Reported intervention strategies according to the Taxonomy of Everyday Self-management Strategies19
| TEDSS: Reported Strategies | Reported in No. Studies (%) |
|---|---|
| Included process strategiesa | |
| Goal oriented (e.g., problem solving, self-awareness) | 49 (92) |
| Support oriented (e.g., information, education) | 53 (100) |
| Included resource strategiesb | |
| Self-advocating (e.g., self-efficacy, self-esteem) | 48 (91) |
| Seeking and managing everyday support | 33 (62) |
| Seeking and managing health and social care needs and paid support | 36 (68) |
| Activities strategiesc | |
| Pacing, planning, and prioritizing | 10 (19) |
| Organizing routines and systems | 11 (21) |
| Aids, physical adaptations, and strategies | 18 (34) |
| Engaging in valued activities | 23 (43) |
| Internal strategiesd | |
| Acceptance | 10 (19) |
| Staying positive | 38 (72) |
| Controlling stress and negative emotions | 31 (58) |
| Allowing time for sadness and grief | 5 (9) |
| Seeking comfort in faith and spirituality | 5 (9) |
| Social strategiese | |
| Disclose condition | 7 (13) |
| Choosing social relationships and situations | 29 (55) |
| Staying in contact | 31 (58) |
| Optimizing social interactions | 34 (64) |
| Using humor | 0 (0) |
| Health behavior strategiesf | |
| Physical exercise and lifestyle | 20 (38) |
| Mental exercise and relaxation | 15 (28) |
| Diet and fluid management | 16 (30) |
| Sleep hygiene | 6 (11) |
| Disease controlling strategiesg | |
| Managing medications and treatments | 22 (42) |
| Preventing symptoms and complications | 28 (53) |
| Using complementary medicine | 1 (2) |
Percentages are rounded up to the nearest whole number. TEDSS, The Taxonomy of Everyday Self-management Strategies.
Strategies used to be well informed and to make good decisions, often used to support use of other, nonprocess strategies.
Proactively seeking, pursuing, and/or managing needed formal or informal supports and resources.
Finding ways to participate in everyday activities (leisure activities, work activities, household chores) despite problems such as fatigue, pain, cognitive loss, or disability.
Preventing and managing stress, negative emotions, and internal distress and creating inner calm.
Managing social interactions and relationships to be able to participate without exposure to negative reactions.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle to enhance health and limit the risk of lifestyle-related illness.
Preventing, controlling, and limiting symptoms, complications, and/or disease progression.19 An overview of strategies per individual study is provided in Supplemental File 7.