Table 1 |.
Metabolite concentration estimates, stability, and temporal changes with and without deuterated glucose all healthy volunteers (N = 5). Data are calculated from concentrations quantified in μmol/g for single-voxel 1H-MRS and referenced to total creatine (tCr) for 3D-1H-MRSI. The regional means from the gray and white matter voxels were used to calculate between-subject averages in metabolite concentrations. The average concentrations and their respective coefficients of variations were measured immediately after 1H-Glc administration (the first time-point). The within-session differences were calculated by subtracting the concentrations of the first and last data point, and their statistical significance was assessed via a standard, two-tailed, paired t-test (separately for 2H-Glc and 1H-Glc scans). The asterisks indicate statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons with the false discovery rate method, which limited the likelihood of false positives to 7% (single-voxel data) and 3% (MRSI data).
| Posterior cingulum | Whole gray matter | Whole white matter | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolite | conc. | CV | Δconc. 2H-Glc | Δconc. 1H-Glc | conc. | CV | Δconc. 2H-Glc | Δconc. 1H-Glc | conc. | CV | Δconc. 2H-Glc | Δconc. 1H-Glc | |||||||
| (mean±SD) | (mean±SD) | (mean±SD) | p-value | (mean±SD) | p-value | (mean±SD) | (mean±SD) | (mean±SD) | p-value | (mean±SD) | p-value | (mean±SD) | (mean±SD) | (mean±SD) | p-value | (mean±SD) | p-value | ||
| (/tCr) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (/tCr) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (/tCr) | (%) | (%) | (%) | ||||||||
| 1.29±0.23 | 15.0±6.2 | 19.4±27.6 | 0.2002 | 17.1±18.0 | 0.11 | 0.44±0.02 | 6.2±8.0 | −5.9±6.4 | 0.107 | −3.4±1.8 | 0.01 | 0.47±0.03 | 3.9±2.4 | 1.6±1.5 | 0.0848 | −2.3±4.7 | 0.36 | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.23±0.02 | 2.9±1.7 | −3.0±4.4 | 0.215 | −5.1±7.4 | 0.20 | 0.23±0.01 | 2.8±1.1 | −2.2±4.8 | 0.3675 | −3.9±7.1 | 0.26 | ||
| 1.15±0.25 | 9.8±1.9 | 11.9±21.4 | 0.1909 | −3.6±15.6 | 0.60 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 2.38±0.43 | 14.1±7.5 | −2.9±16.8 | 0.5735 | −6.1±19.7 | 0.44 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 2.32±0.28 | 12±4.3 | −1.3±11.8 | 0.8136 | 9.2±17.4 | 0.22 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 1.06±0.23 | 23.9±9.6 | 1.0±24.4 | 0.8801 | 16.8±34.4 | 0.22 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 3.37±0.21 | 8.2±4.3 | 21.8±10.3 | 0.0086* | 4.5±10.8 | 0.38 | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.30±0.03 | 6.3±4.1 | −4.8±7.9 | 0.288 | −3.1±8.5 | 0.46 | 0.30±0.02 | 5.5±3.1 | 0.3±6.2 | 0.8439 | −9.4±8.8 | 0.07 | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 2.60±0.31 | 4.5±1.6 | 14.4±3.7 | 0.0029* | 2.4±4.4 | 0.25 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.72±0.04 | 2.3±2.6 | −5.1±2.6 | 0.012 | −4.2±6.7 | 0.23 | 0.71±0.02 | 2.7±2.7 | −5.1±2.3 | 0.0068 | −3.9±6.8 | 0.28 | ||
| 7.67±0.22 | 1.4±0.1 | 14.9±2.8 | 0.0003* | −0.8±2.2 | 0.49 | 0.54±0.04 | 1.7±1.8 | 13.4±3.5 | 0.001* | −0.7±1.3 | 0.35 | 0.50±0.03 | 1.6±1.5 | 14.0±2.9 | 0.0007* | −2.4±3.8 | 0.24 | ||
| 13.26±0.57 | 1.1±0.1 | −3.4±3.0 | 0.0651 | −0.5±0.7 | 0.19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 0.76±0.09 | 4.3±1.0 | 1.9±3.8 | 0.3373 | −2.4±4.0 | 0.30 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 0.74±0.11 | 8.0±4.4 | 4.8±7.7 | 0.2804 | 0.3±10.0 | 0.85 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 5.60±0.27 | 1.0±0.2 | −0.2±1.6 | 0.7935 | −0.8±1.1 | 0.20 | 0.82±0.05 | 2.3±0.9 | −0.1±2.7 | 0.931 | −0.6±2.7 | 0.65 | 0.84±0.07 | 2.2±0.6 | −0.4±2.6 | 0.7662 | −0.7±3.8 | 0.74 | ||
| 0.61±0.27 | 23.0±23.2 | −11.1±24.7 | 0.3110 | −18.6±54.1 | 0.95 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 9.72±0.38 | 1.1±0.7 | −1.6±2.3 | 0.1861 | −0.2±0.7 | 0.55 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 0.70±0.15 | 8.2±3.2 | 8.8±7.4 | 0.0527 | −2.7±5.8 | 0.34 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 0.28±0.04 | 12.0±3.5 | −9.1±8.1 | 0.0676 | −0.6±19.0 | 0.86 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 2.55±0.24 | 3.6±1.2 | 5.2±7.8 | 0.2085 | 0.4±6.8 | 0.82 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 0.10±0.05 | 12.7±6.3 | 2.4±14.1 | 0.6303 | 1.4±18.6 | 0.54 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 1.26±0.15 | 3.9±0.3 | −3.5±5.6 | 0.2474 | 2.1±4.0 | 0.26 | 0.35±0.02 | 4.2±1.2 | −5.9±5.6 | 0.077 | −1.2±6.2 | 0.69 | 0.38±0.03 | 3.6±1.5 | −3.4±9.7 | 0.4758 | −3.0±7.2 | 0.39 | ||
| 1.04±0.06 | 1.8±0.6 | −1.0±4.5 | 0.6782 | −1.2±3.9 | 0.53 | 0.33±0.02 | 0.9±0.8 | −2.3±1.8 | 0.050 | −0.5±1.9 | 0.60 | 0.35±0.23 | 1.0±0.6 | −1.7±1.8 | 0.1051 | −0.9±2.1 | 0.43 | ||
| 6.28±0.12 | 1.3±0.5 | −1.3±2.4 | 0.2870 | −1.8±1.5 | 0.05 | 1.00±0.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00±0.00 | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| tNAA | 10.42±0.49 | 1.2±0.7 | −1.0±2.3 | 0.4015 | −0.3±0.5 | 0.19 | 1.47±0.08 | 1.9±2.5 | 1.1±3.9 | 0.575 | −1.2±2.2 | 0.30 | 1.59±0.06 | 1.7±2.2 | 1.4±3.2 | 0.4114 | −0.3±2.1 | 0.78 | |