Table 4.
Costs by ambulatory-based setting and disease type
| Studies n (%) |
Direct healthcare cost n (%) |
Direct non-healthcare cost n (%) |
Direct healthcare cost Patient n (%) |
Productivity loss Patient n (%) |
Productivity loss Family/caregiver n (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Setting | ||||||
| Mainly outpatient/ambulatory | 4 (9.32) | 4 (9.32) | 3 (6.99) | 1 (2.33) | 1 (2.33) | – |
| Mainly inpatient with some home-based care | 6 (13.98) | 6 (13.98) | 2 (4.66) | 3 (6.99) | 1 (2.33) | 3 (6.99) |
| Mainly home-based care | 13 (30.29) | 12 (27.96) | 5 (11.65) | 4 (9.32) | – | 4 (9.32) |
| Multiple care settingsa | 20 (46.60) | 20 (46,60) | 3 (6.99) | 4 (9.32) | 1 (2.33) | 2 (4.66) |
| Total | 43 (100) | 42 (97.86) | 13 (30.29) | 12 (27.96) | 3 (6.99) | 9 (20.97) |
| Disease type | ||||||
| Only cancerb | 25 (58.25) | 24 (55.92) | 5 (11.65) | 8 (18.64) | 3 (6.99) | 5 (11.65) |
| Cancer and other terminal conditionsc | 18 (41.94) | 18 (41.94) | 8 (18.64) | 4 (9.32) | – | 4 (9.32) |
| CHF | 12 (27.91) | 12 (27.96) | 2 (4.66) | – | – | – |
| COPD | 12 (27.91) | 12 (27.96) | 2 (4.66) | – | – | – |
|
Dementia AD |
7 (16.28) | 7 (16.31) | – | – | – | – |
| Totalb,c | 43 (100) | 42 (97.86) | 13 (30.29) | 12 (27.96) | 3 (6.99) | 9 (20.97) |
All n and percentages are over N = 43 (100%)
AD Alzheimer’s disease, CHF chronic heart failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, PC palliative care
aMultiple settings mean patients cared for in some or all listed settings, including hospice
bData reported in studies that collected data only from patients with cancer as the condition that motivated the PC
cThese studies include data from patients with cancer AND with other terminal conditions requiring PC. CHF, COPD and dementia/AD were the most prevalent. These studies mix patients’ data and each could include, in the same consolidation, data from different patients’ PC cost to calculate the average cost of attention (i.e., PC due to cancer, CHF, COPD and dementia). That is the reason the total sum of all non-cancer patients’ studies included (12+12+7) is not 18 and the total percentage is not 100%