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. 2024 Jan 20;98(3):735–754. doi: 10.1007/s00204-023-03666-2

Fig. 9.

Fig. 9

The principles of deep learning. Deep learning is a form of machine learning, which involves the use of artificial neural networks with several layers—hence the term "deep"—to model and understand complex patterns in datasets. DL continues to become better with increase in data. Modified and redrawn from https://verneglobal.com/news/blog/deep-learning-at-scale and https://towardsdatascience.com/is-deep-learning-hitting-the-wall-d2f560419daf