Table 4.

Comparison of model characteristics: parameters, FLOPs, volume, and Inf time.

Methods	Image size	Parameters	Flops	Volume	Inf time
YOLOv3-tiny	640 × 640	12.1 M	19.0G	23.23 MB	22.3 ms
YOLOv4-tiny	640 × 640	6.0 M	16.5G	46.30 MB	35.7 ms
YOLOv5s	640 × 640	7.0 M	16.0G	13.81 MB	20.2 ms
YOLOv6n	640 × 640	4.7 M	11.4G	9.96 MB	17.3 ms
YOLOv7-tiny	640 × 640	6.0 M	13.2G	11.75 MB	20.8 ms
YOLOv8s	640 × 640	11.1 M	28.6G	85.44 MB	29.2 ms
HMV-YOLO	640 × 640	6.3 M	13.6G	12.04 MB	19.6 ms