Table 3.
Symptoms, health status, activity level, and missed work over time among adult INSPIRE SARS-CoV-2-positive participants by ethnicity and race.
| Enrollmenta | 3-Montha | 6-Monthb | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnicity | Race | Ethnicity | Race | Ethnicity | Race | |||||||||||||
| Hispanic (N = 330) |
Non-Hispanic (N = 2,024) | Asian (N = 258) |
Black (N = 186) |
Other/ Multiple (N = 232) |
White (N = 1,665) |
Hispanic (N = 330) |
Non-Hispanic (N = 2,024) |
Asian (N = 258) |
Black (N = 186) |
Other/ Multiple (N = 232) |
White (N = 1,665) |
Hispanic (N = 174) |
Non-Hispanic (N = 1,208) | Asian (N = 142) |
Black (N = 109) |
Other/ Multiple (N = 124) |
White (N = 1,000) |
|
| Symptom category | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) |
| Constitutional | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tired | 257 (78.4) | 1,641 (81.7) | 204 (79.1) | 127 (69.8) | 196 (85.6) | 1,365 (82.6) | 69 (20.9) | 465 (23.1) | 43 (16.9) | 44 (23.8) | 69 (29.9) | 379 (22.9) | 32 (18.7) | 241 (20.1) | 22 (15.7) | 20 (18.7) | 30 (24.4) | 198 (19.9) |
| Chills | 173 (52.7) | 1,013 (50.4) | 138 (53.5) | 100 (54.9) | 126 (55.0) | 809 (48.9) | 31 (9.4) | 115 (5.7) | 11 (4.3) | 20 (10.8) | 18 (7.8) | 97 (5.9) | 8 (4.7) | 54 (4.5) | 6 (4.3) | 5 (4.7) | 3 (2.4) | 47 (4.7) |
| Feeling hot | 159 (48.5) | 941 (46.9) | 113 (43.8) | 81 (44.5) | 130 (56.8) | 767 (46.4) | 22 (6.7) | 106 (5.3) | 11 (4.3) | 14 (7.6) | 19 (8.2) | 85 (5.1) | 7 (4.1) | 53 (4.4) | 8 (5.7) | 4 (3.7) | 3 (2.4) | 46 (4.6) |
| Fever | 105 (32.0) | 613 (30.5) | 90 (34.9) | 54 (29.7) | 66 (28.8) | 505 (30.6) | 15 (4.5) | 61 (3.0) | 6 (2.4) | 9 (4.9) | 11 (4.8) | 51 (3.1) | 2 (1.2) | 27 (2.3) | 4 (2.9) | 3 (2.8) | 2 (1.6) | 19 (1.9) |
| Shakes | 65 (19.8) | 288 (14.3) | 32 (12.4) | 43 (23.6) | 49 (21.4) | 226 (13.7) | 13 (3.9) | 40 (2.0) | 7 (2.7) | 9 (4.9) | 5 (2.2) | 32 (1.9) | 2 (1.2) | 17 (1.4) | 4 (2.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.8) | 12 (1.2) |
| HEENT c | ||||||||||||||||||
| Headache | 217 (66.2) | 1,334 (66.4) | 165 (64.0) | 114 (62.6) | 153 (66.8) | 1,109 (67.1) | 67 (20.3) | 265 (13.2) | 25 (9.8) | 32 (17.3) | 44 (19.0) | 235 (14.2) | 27 (15.8) | 131 (10.9) | 13 (9.3) | 16 (15.0) | 15 (12.2) | 115 (11.6) |
| Runny nose | 196 (59.8) | 1,407 (70.1) | 180 (69.8) | 93 (51.1) | 148 (64.6) | 1,174 (71.0) | 36 (10.9) | 193 (9.6) | 20 (7.8) | 20 (10.8) | 28 (12.1) | 160 (9.7) | 11 (6.4) | 114 (9.5) | 13 (9.3) | 9 (8.4) | 12 (9.8) | 91 (9.2) |
| Loss of smell | 147 (44.8) | 975 (48.6) | 117 (45.3) | 80 (44.0) | 116 (50.7) | 798 (48.3) | 45 (13.6) | 267 (13.3) | 26 (10.2) | 22 (11.9) | 30 (13.0) | 232 (14.0) | 13 (7.6) | 126 (10.5) | 15 (10.7) | 8 (7.5) | 7 (5.7) | 108 (10.9) |
| Loss of taste | 133 (40.5) | 895 (44.6) | 103 (39.9) | 75 (41.2) | 111 (48.5) | 733 (44.3) | 36 (10.9) | 215 (10.7) | 22 (8.6) | 21 (11.4) | 27 (11.7) | 177 (10.7) | 7 (4.1) | 100 (8.3) | 8 (5.7) | 7 (6.5) | 2 (1.6) | 91 (9.2) |
| Sore throat | 180 (54.9) | 1,142 (56.9) | 188 (72.9) | 80 (44.0) | 123 (53.7) | 927 (56.1) | 33 (10.0) | 149 (7.4) | 26 (10.2) | 16 (8.6) | 27 (11.7) | 114 (6.9) | 11 (6.4) | 74 (6.2) | 9 (6.4) | 6 (5.6) | 7 (5.7) | 63 (6.3) |
| Loss of hair | 20 (6.1) | 70 (3.5) | 9 (3.5) | 8 (4.4) | 9 (3.9) | 61 (3.7) | 34 (10.3) | 114 (5.7) | 15 (5.9) | 15 (8.1) | 16 (6.9) | 99 (6.0) | 14 (8.2) | 68 (5.7) | 7 (5.0) | 8 (7.5) | 9 (7.3) | 56 (5.6) |
| Pulmonary | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cough | 188 (57.3) | 1,266 (63.0) | 165 (64.0) | 96 (52.7) | 135 (59.0) | 1,053 (63.7) | 25 (7.6) | 145 (7.2) | 22 (8.6) | 20 (10.8) | 23 (10.0) | 109 (6.6) | 7 (4.1) | 64 (5.3) | 9 (6.4) | 6 (5.6) | 5 (4.1) | 52 (5.2) |
| Shortness of breath | 110 (33.5) | 591 (29.4) | 56 (21.7) | 69 (37.9) | 84 (36.7) | 486 (29.4) | 34 (10.3) | 182 (9.0) | 6 (2.4) | 23 (12.4) | 36 (15.6) | 150 (9.0) | 16 (9.4) | 89 (7.4) | 5 (3.6) | 10 (9.3) | 14 (11.4) | 75 (7.5) |
| Wheezing | 37 (11.3) | 217 (10.8) | 20 (7.8) | 26 (14.3) | 39 (17.0) | 168 (10.2) | 8 (2.4) | 54 (2.7) | 5 (2.0) | 4 (2.2) | 15 (6.5) | 39 (2.4) | 5 (2.9) | 29 (2.4) | 1 (0.7) | 3 (2.8) | 6 (4.9) | 23 (2.3) |
| Cardiovascular | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chest pains | 79 (24.1) | 487 (24.3) | 40 (15.5) | 55 (30.2) | 68 (29.7) | 400 (24.2) | 20 (6.1) | 105 (5.2) | 9 (3.5) | 12 (6.5) | 15 (6.5) | 88 (5.3) | 6 (3.5) | 49 (4.1) | 6 (4.3) | 5 (4.7) | 6 (4.9) | 41 (4.1) |
| Palpitations | 33 (10.1) | 158 (7.9) | 12 (4.7) | 12 (6.6) | 28 (12.2) | 138 (8.3) | 18 (5.5) | 69 (3.4) | 6 (2.4) | 9 (4.9) | 11 (4.8) | 61 (3.7) | 11 (6.4) | 38 (3.2) | 1 (0.7) | 4 (3.7) | 8 (6.5) | 34 (3.4) |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||||||||||||||||
| Diarrhea | 88 (26.8) | 429 (21.4) | 44 (17.1) | 54 (29.7) | 65 (28.4) | 353 (21.4) | 17 (5.2) | 60 (3.0) | 5 (2.0) | 6 (3.2) | 7 (3.0) | 60 (3.6) | 5 (2.9) | 32 (2.7) | 5 (3.6) | 2 (1.9) | 3 (2.4) | 28 (2.8) |
| Nausea or vomiting | 79 (24.1) | 347 (17.3) | 36 (14.0) | 42 (23.1) | 59 (25.8) | 292 (17.7) | 13 (3.9) | 59 (2.9) | 7 (2.7) | 6 (3.2) | 9 (3.9) | 51 (3.1) | 8 (4.7) | 34 (2.8) | 2 (1.4) | 5 (4.7) | 4 (3.3) | 31 (3.1) |
| Abdominal pain | 44 (13.4) | 214 (10.7) | 20 (7.8) | 28 (15.4) | 38 (16.6) | 171 (10.3) | 10 (3.0) | 43 (2.1) | 5 (2.0) | 4 (2.2) | 6 (2.6) | 39 (2.4) | 12 (7.0) | 31 (2.6) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.9) | 4 (3.3) | 35 (3.5) |
| Musculoskeletal | ||||||||||||||||||
| Aches | 189 (57.6) | 1,163 (57.9) | 155 (60.1) | 107 (58.8) | 140 (61.1) | 938 (56.7) | 48 (14.5) | 249 (12.4) | 20 (7.8) | 33 (17.8) | 43 (18.6) | 200 (12.1) | 22 (12.9) | 139 (11.6) | 13 (9.3) | 18 (16.8) | 14 (11.4) | 116 (11.7) |
| Joint pains | 106 (32.3) | 567 (28.2) | 51 (19.8) | 55 (30.2) | 73 (31.9) | 486 (29.4) | 40 (12.1) | 221 (11.0) | 23 (9.0) | 32 (17.3) | 32 (13.9) | 172 (10.4) | 15 (8.8) | 131 (10.9) | 5 (3.6) | 15 (14.0) | 15 (12.2) | 112 (11.3) |
| Symptom summary | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other symptoms | 42 (12.8) | 281 (14.0) | 21 (8.1) | 15 (8.2) | 44 (19.2) | 242 (14.6) | 13 (3.9) | 91 (4.5) | 6 (2.4) | 4 (2.2) | 14 (6.1) | 82 (4.9) | 10 (5.8) | 49 (4.1) | 3 (2.1) | 3 (2.8) | 4 (3.3) | 50 (5.0) |
| ≥3 symptoms (not including others) | 293 (89.3) | 1845 (91.9) | 241 (93.4) | 150 (82.4) | 204 (89.1) | 1,528 (92.4) | 82 (24.8) | 430 (21.4) | 39 (15.3) | 54 (29.2) | 63 (27.3) | 341 (20.6) | 38 (22.2) | 225 (18.8) | 19 (13.6) | 27 (25.2) | 26 (21.1) | 192 (19.3) |
| No symptoms | 7 (2.1) | 26 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (3.3) | 5 (2.2) | 22 (1.3) | 172 (52.1) | 1,148 (57.1) | 165 (64.7) | 99 (53.5) | 115 (49.8) | 929 (56.0) | 97 (56.7) | 714 (59.5) | 90 (64.3) | 62 (57.9) | 64 (52.0) | 590 (59.4) |
| Health status | ||||||||||||||||||
| Excellent | 26 (8.0) | 212 (10.6) | 29 (11.4) | 20 (10.9) | 21 (9.2) | 167 (10.2) | 17 (9.9) | 137 (11.4) | 17 (12.1) | 10 (9.3) | 11 (8.9) | 113 (11.4) | ||||||
| Very good | 78 (24.0) | 559 (28.0) | 56 (22.0) | 31 (16.8) | 47 (20.6) | 500 (30.4) | 49 (28.5) | 354 (29.4) | 43 (30.5) | 21 (19.4) | 32 (25.8) | 310 (31.2) | ||||||
| Good | 102 (31.4) | 746 (37.3) | 103 (40.6) | 67 (36.4) | 68 (29.8) | 607 (36.9) | 54 (31.4) | 399 (33.2) | 37 (26.2) | 37 (34.3) | 33 (26.6) | 340 (34.2) | ||||||
| Fair | 86 (26.5) | 380 (19.0) | 57 (22.4) | 47 (25.5) | 66 (28.9) | 290 (17.6) | 33 (19.2) | 257 (21.4) | 40 (28.4) | 27 (25.0) | 34 (27.4) | 187 (18.8) | ||||||
| Poor | 29 (8.9) | 92 (4.6) | 8 (3.1) | 17 (9.2) | 23 (10.1) | 73 (4.4) | 17 (9.9) | 46 (3.8) | 4 (2.9) | 8 (7.4) | 12 (9.7) | 39 (3.9) | ||||||
| Do not know | 4 (1.2) | 7 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.9) | 8 (0.5) | 2 (1.2) | 9 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.7) | 2 (1.6) | 6 (0.6) | ||||||
| No answer | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||||
| Activity leveld | ||||||||||||||||||
| Same as before | 191 (58.8) | 1,349 (67.5) | 192 (75.6) | 100 (54.3) | 125 (54.8) | 1,114 (67.8) | 109 (63.4) | 822 (68.3) | 105 (74.5) | 64 (59.3) | 74 (59.7) | 678 (68.1) | ||||||
| Somewhat less than before | 99 (30.5) | 502 (25.1) | 53 (20.9) | 61 (33.2) | 76 (33.3) | 404 (24.6) | 45 (26.2) | 286 (23.8) | 32 (22.7) | 25.9 (28) | 34 (27.4) | 239 (24.0) | ||||||
| Much less than before | 35 (10.8) | 147 (7.4) | 9 (3.5) | 23 (12.5) | 27 (11.8) | 126 (7.7) | 18 (10.5) | 95 (7.9) | 4 (2.8) | 14.8 (16) | 16 (12.9) | 78 (7.8) | ||||||
| Missed work due to health reasons past 3 months | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0–5 workdays | 213 (65.5) | 1,376 (68.9) | 198 (78.0) | 99 (53.8) | 140 (61.4) | 1,147 (69.8) | 119 (69.2) | 889 (73.9) | 114 (80.9) | 60 (55.6) | 78 (62.9) | 752 (75.6) | ||||||
| 6–10 workdays | 30 (9.2) | 156 (7.8) | 12 (4.7) | 26 (14.1) | 19 (8.3) | 125 (7.6) | 11 (6.4) | 70 (5.8) | 8 (5.7) | 12 (11.1) | 10 (8.1) | 50 (5.0) | ||||||
| 11–20 workdays | 16 (4.9) | 79 (4.0) | 7 (2.8) | 10 (5.4) | 12 (5.3) | 65 (4.0) | 9 (5.2) | 34 (2.8) | 2 (1.4) | 10 (9.3) | 9 (7.3) | 20 (2.0) | ||||||
| Up to 4 weeks | 16 (4.9) | 58 (2.9) | 9 (3.5) | 16 (8.7) | 15 (6.6) | 34 (2.1) | 6 (3.5) | 23 (1.9) | 3 (2.1) | 5 (4.6) | 5 (4.0) | 15 (1.5) | ||||||
| Do not work | 50 (15.4) | 328 (16.4) | 28 (11.0) | 33 (17.9) | 42 (18.4) | 272 (16.6) | 27 (15.7) | 187 (15.5) | 14 (9.9) | 21 (19.4) | 22 (17.7) | 158 (15.9) | ||||||
aIncluded COVID-19-positive participants who completed both enrollment and 3-month surveys; excluded participants with missing ethnicity (n = 48) and with missing symptom responses (n = 18 for enrollment survey; n = 12 for 3-month survey); excluded participants with missing race (n = 61) and missing symptom responses (n = 19 for enrollment survey; n = 12 for 3-month survey). bIncluded COVID-19-positive participants who completed enrollment, 3-month, and 6-month surveys; excluded participants with missing ethnicity (n = 23) and with missing symptom responses (n = 11); excluded participants with missing race (n = 30) and with missing symptom responses (n = 11). cHEENT = head, ears, eyes, nose, throat. dExcluded participants with missing health status (n = 30 for 3-month survey; n = 7 for 6-month survey), or activity level (n = 31 for 3-month survey; n = 7 for 6-month survey), or missed work variable (n = 32 for 3-month survey; n = 7 for 6-month survey).