Table 1. Selected Articles on the Relationship between Exposure to Pesticides and Cardiovascular Diseases .

Country, References	Exposure to Organochlorine Pesticides	Effects
Spain, Miguel Perez-Carrascosa F33	Exposure to 5 OCPs and 3 non-dioxin-like PCBs was estimated in 387 participants from the GraMo adult cohort by analysis of their adipose tissue concentrations at recruitment.	POP exposure signifies a risk factor for CVD.
Sweden, Tornevi A29	Plasma concentrations of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants were assessed in 129 case-controls from longitudinal population-based data of northern Sweden.	The association between evaluated plasma POPs and T2D which could be influenced by body fat
Spain, Donat-Vargas C32	Dietary PCB intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 12 313 participants without obesity at baseline who were followed for a median of 8.1 years.	Higher incidence of obesity during follow-up
Spain, Donat-Vargas C35	Dietary intake of PCBs was assessed at baseline with 8.3 years of follow-up in 14 521 participants of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra project as Spanish cohort through validated 136-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.	Higher risk of developing hypertension
Spain, Donat-Vargas C28	Plasma dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like PCBs were evaluated in 850 participants for 10 years in a subcohort in the Northern Swedish health and disease study.	Hypertension
USA, Goncharov A34	Serum PCBs, 35 individual PCB congeners, and nine chlorinated pesticides were evaluated in 394 Anniston residents who were not taking antihypertensive medications.	Serum concentrations of PCBs, PCB congeners with multiple ortho chlorines, were firmly associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Sweden, Jugan J36	Plasma p, p'-DDE and plasma lipoproteins were assessed in 57175-year-old Swedes in the PIVUS cohort who were not prescribed lipid-lowering drugs.	High p, p'-DDE interacts with lipoproteins within plasma and plays a role in CVD.
Sweden, Lind PM37	Twenty-three POPs were analyzed in 1016 subjects aged 70 years in the PIVUS study.	Circulating p, p'-DDE levels were associated with developing hypertension.
Korean, Lim JE38	Serum POPs levels were assessed in 526 members and 111 stroke cases from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II.	PCBs were positively associated with lipid abnormalities and carotid atherosclerosis with increased risk of ischemic stroke.
Sweden, Bergkvist C27	Dietary exposure to PCBs adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and DHAs) and methyl mercury exposure were assessed from the population-based Swedish Cohort of Men for 12 years of follow-up (433,243 person-years). 3005 incident cases of myocardial infarction (654 fatal) were found.	In adjusted models, increased risk of myocardial infarction in men was associated with dietary PCB exposure.
Spain, Donat-Vargas C26	Coronary artery calcium score and dietary exposure to PCBs and dioxins were examined in 1844 men aged 50 and without CVD, who participated in the Aragon Workers' Health Study.	Dietary exposure to PCBs, but not dioxins, was linked to higher prevalence of coronary calcium and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in middle-aged men.
Sweden, Lind PM31	Carotid artery atherosclerosis was assessed by ultrasound in 1016 subjects 70 years of age and older in the PIVUS study. Eight PFAS were also identified in approximately 75% of the participants' plasma by UPLC-MS/MS.	The association of PFUnDA with long chain, and atherosclerosis markers with more pronounced relationships was observed in women.
Malaysia, Samsuddin N40	Exposure to mixed pesticides and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were evaluated in 198 male Malaysian workers exposed to pesticides and 195 non-exposed Malaysian males.	Chronic exposure to mix-pesticide among workers involved in mosquito control was an independent predictor of brachial and aortic systolic/diastolic blood pressure.
South Africa, Sekhotha MM45	To study the relationship between pesticide particles and CVDs in agricultural industries based on existing data.	There is a close relationship between agrochemicals particles and the development of myocardial infarction, CHF, stroke, arrhythmia, and sudden death.
Honolulu, Berg ZK14	A cohort of 7,557 Japanese-American men from the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program were evaluated for various levels of occupational pesticide exposure over 10 years of follow-up.	A positive association was perceived between the age-adjusted incidence of CVD and high levels of exposure to pesticides.
Sweden,Sjoberg Lind Y41	Echocardiography and 21 POPs were measured in 1016 individuals aged 70 years in the PIVUS.	LVH

OCPs, Organochlorine pesticides; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl POP, Persistent organic pollutant CVD, cardiovascular disease; PIVUS, Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature of Uppsala Seniors; CHF, congestive heart failure; LVH, Left ventricular hypertrophy; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; T2D, type 2 diabetes; UPLC–MS/MS, ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.