. 2024 Feb 3;10(3):e25171. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25171

Table 2.

LBRAD treatment clinical trials in depression.

Study	Subjects	LBRAD administration	Results
Liu., 2021 [49]	105 patients with depression	Group 1: Oral vortioxetine (manufacturer: H.Lundbeck A/S; registration number H20170383) 10 mg/time, once a day, for 2 months. Group 2: The same administration method as group 1; LBRAD(7 lily bulbs; 30 g Anemarrhena) was taken once a day in 2 divided doses for 2 months.	The total effective rate of treatment: Group 2(92.00 %) was higher than Group 1(76.36 %); Group 2 vs Group 1(X² = 4.719, P = 0.030); Overall scores of HAMD after the intervention: Group 2 was lower than Group 1; Group 2 vs Group 1(t = 5.465, P = 0.044); The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment(X² = 1.428, P = 0.133).
Jin., 2018 [50]	72 patients with depression	Group 1: Fluoxetine (Suzhou Yushi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., national drug approval number: H20093454, 20 mg/tablet) is taken orally in the morning, 1 pill each time, once a day. Continuous treatment for 8 weeks. Group 2: The same administration method as group 1; LBRAD(30 g lily bulbs; 10 g Anemarrhena) and Ganmai Dazao decoction were taken once a day in 2 divided doses for 8 weeks.	The total effective rate of treatment: Group 2(86.11 %) was higher than Group 1(69.44 %); Group 2 vs Group 1(X² = 7.604, P = 0.006); The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment(X² = 8.867, P = 0.003).
Ding., 2015 [51]	100 patients with yin deficiency in liver and kidney perimenopausal depression	Group 1: Xiaoyao Pill (produced by Shanghai Baolong Anqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., national drug approval number Z34020541) 6 g orally, 2 times a day. Continuous treatment for 4 weeks. Group 2: LBRAD(50 g lily bulbs; 15 g Anemarrhena) was taken once a day in 2 divided doses for 4 weeks.	The total effective rate of treatment: Group 2(88.0 %) was higher than Group 1(60.0 %); Group 2 vs Group 1(P < 0.05); After treatment, the FSH and LH levels in group 2 were significantly improved compared with those in group 1(P＜0.05); the AIS score in group 2 was significantly improved compared with before treatment and after treatment in group 1(X² = 11.652, P = 0.018).
Zheng et al., 2020 [52]	90 patients with perimenopausal depression	Group 1: Flupentixol-melitracen tablets (produced by H. Lundbeck A/S, Denmark, approval number: H20080175) are taken orally, 1 tablet each time, 2 times a day, in the morning and at noon. Continuous treatment for 8 weeks. Group 2: The same administration method as group 1; LBRAD(30 g lily bulbs; 15 g Anemarrhena) was taken once a day in 2 divided doses for 8 weeks.	The total effective rate of treatment: Group 2 was higher than Group 1; Group 2 vs Group 1(Z = 5.682, P = 0.016); Overall scores of HAMD and Kupperman after the intervention: Group 2 was lower than Group 1; Group 2 vs Group 1(P < 0.01); Levels of serum 5-HT and BDNF after the intervention: Group 2 was higher than Group 1; Group 2 vs Group 1(P < 0.01); Levels of serum ACTH and CORT after the intervention: Group 2 was lower than Group 1; Group 2 vs Group 1(P < 0.01).
Ji et al., 2022 [53]	92 patients with post-stroke depression	Group 1: Treated with the EEG Bionic Electrical Stimulator only (frequency 50 Hz, current 14.5 mA). 30 min each time, once a day. Continuous treatment for 6 weeks. Group 2: The same administration method as group 1; LBRAD(30 g lily bulbs; 15 g Anemarrhena) was taken 250 mL each time, 2 times a day for 8 weeks.	The total effective rate of treatment: Group 2(95.65 %) was higher than Group 1(76.09 %); Group 2 vs Group 1(P < 0.05); Overall scores of HAMD and NIHSS after the intervention: Group 2 was lower than Group 1; Group 2 vs Group 1(P < 0.05); Overall scores of the TCM syndrome after the intervention: Group 2 was lower than Group 1; Group 2 vs Group 1(P < 0.01); Levels of high shear whole blood viscosity and low shear whole blood viscosity after the intervention: Group 2 was lower than Group 1; Group 2 vs Group 1(P < 0.01); The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment(X² = 3.101, P > 0.05).
Zhang and Xing., 2022 [54]	82 patients aged 64–85 years old with post-stroke depression	Group 1: Flupentixol and Melitracen Tablets (Chongqing Shenghuaxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., National Drug Approval Number H20153122, specifications: flupentixol 0.5 mg and melitracen 10 mg/tablet), 1 tablet/time, 2 times/d, taken in the morning and evening; Acupuncture treatment (Shenshu, Taichong, Taixi, Ganshu, etc.), 20 min, then acupuncture once, for a total of 40 min, once a day, 6 times a week. Continuous treatment for 5 weeks. Group 2: The same acupuncture method as group 1; LBRAD(30 g lily bulbs; 15 g Anemarrhena) was taken 200 mL each time, 2 times a day for 5 weeks.	The total effective rate of treatment: Group 2(97.62 %) was higher than Group 1(75.00 %); Group 2 vs Group 1(Z = 9.024, P = 0.003); Overall scores of HAMD, Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS), and NIHSS after the intervention: Group 2 was lower than Group 1; Group 2 vs Group 1(P < 0.05); Overall scores of ADL after the intervention: Group 2 was higher than Group 1; Group 2 vs Group 1(P < 0.05); Levels of serum 5-HT and BDNF after the intervention: Group 2 was higher than Group 1; Group 2 vs Group 1(P < 0.05).