TABLE 1.

Summary of in vitro studies on wound healing with berry extracts

Family	Berry	Model	Fraction(s)	Concentration	Overall effect1	Reference
Arecaceae	Açai berry (Euterpe oleracea)	HNF cells	Water extracts	0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/mL	Increased fibroblast migration rate and expression of associated genes	[43]
Ericaceae	Bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum), crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)	HDF cells	Crude extracts, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin fractions	50 μg/mL	Increased fibroblast migration rate; decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation	[44]
Ericaceae	Wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium)	HUVECs	Phenolic acid extract and anthocyanin:phenolic acid combination	0.002, 60, and 120 μg/mL 8:8 and 60:60 μg/mL	Modulation of endothelial migration and associated factors	[45]
Ericaceae	Wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium)	HUVECs	Phenolic acid extract and anthocyanin:phenolic acid combination	0.002, 60, and 120 μg/mL 8:8 and 60:60 μg/mL	Modulation of endothelial cell tube formation and associated factors	[46]
Rosaceae	Blackberries (Rubus spp.)	HaCat keratinocyte cells	Anthocyanin extract	30 μM	Increased keratinocyte migration	[47]
Rosaceae	Blackberry (Rubus plicatus) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus)	Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wound	Methanol extracts	N/A	Antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects	[48]
Rosaceae	Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)	HDF cells	Juice	1 % w/w	Increased fibroblast migration	[49]
Rosaceae	Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)	HaCat keratinocyte cell	Crude extract	50 μg/mL	Increased keratinocyte migration, antioxidant properties	[37]
Rosaceae	Himalayan raspberry (Rubus ellipticus)	Antioxidant assay	Acetone, methanol, and hot water extracts	100 μg/mL	Antioxidant properties	[50]
Rosaceae	Rubus imperialis	Murine fibroblast L929 cells	Methanolic extracts	1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/mL	Increased fibroblast migration; decreased oxidative stress and inflammation	[51]
Rosaceae	Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus)	HDF cells; mouse macrophage cell lines	Crude extracts, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin fractions	1, 5, and 50 μg/mL	Increased cell migration rate; decreased inflammation and oxidative stress	[52]
Phyllanthaceae	Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica)	Human keratinocyte cells and HeLa cells	Crude extracts	60 mg/mL	Increased keratinocyte migration and antioxidant activities	[53]
Myrtaceae	Jaboticaba Brazilian berry (Plinia cauliflora)	Murine fibroblast L929 cells	Hydroalcoholic extract	0.5, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL	Increased fibroblast proliferation and decrease in oxidative stress	[54]

Abbreviations: HaCat, aneuploid immortal keratinocyte; HDF, human dermal fibroblast; HNF, human normal fibroblast (HS68, ATTC, American Type Culture Collection); HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; N/A, Not Available.

¹Only statistically significant outcomes are reported.