Table 1.
Characteristics of GBS post COVID vaccine.
| Data | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age | Mean 57.22 (20–86 years) |
| Sex | 36 male (60%), 24 female (40%) |
| Type of vaccine | |
| Vector-based vaccine | 40/60 (24 AZV, 4 J & JV) 66.6% |
| mRNA-based vaccine | 19/60 (1 MV, 18 PBV) 31.6% |
| Other | 1/60 1.6% |
| Dose | |
| 1st | 49 (81.6%) |
| 2nd | 2 (3.3%) |
| Uncertain | 9 (15%) |
| Time interval between vaccine receipt and GBS onset | 11.4 days (range 1–29 days) |
| Country | |
| USA | 11 (18.3%) |
| UK | 10 (16.6%) |
| India | 10 (16.6%) |
| KR | 2 (3.3%) |
| Malta | 1 (1.6%) |
| Denmark | 1 (1.6%) |
| Qatar | 1 (1.6%) |
| Italy | 2 (3.3%) |
| TR | 1 (1.6%) |
| CA | 3 (5%) |
| Brazil | 1 (1.6%) |
| Tunisia | 1 (1.6%) |
| Mexico | 7 (11.6%) |
| Singapore | 1 (1.6%) |
| Australia | 5 (8.3%) |
| Japan | 1 (1.6%) |
| Croatia | 1 (1.6%) |
| Czech | 1 (1.6%) |
| Co-founders | |
| Yes | 8 (13.3%) |
| No | 52 (86.6%) |
| CSF analysis | |
| Not done | 7 (11.6%) |
| Done | 53 (88.3%) |
| • Albumin-cytological dissociation | 45/53 (84.9%) |
| • Mild pleocytosis (<25 cells/mm3) | 4 (7.5%) |
| • Normal | 4 (7.5%) |
| MRI | |
| Not done | 18 (30%) |
| Done | 42 (70%) |
| • Unremarkable MRI | 25/42 (59.5%) |
| • Positive finding of cranial nerves or nerve root enhancement | 17 (40.4%) |
| NCS | |
| Not done | 5 (8.3%) |
| Done | 55 (91.0%) |
| • AIDP | 34/55 (61.8%) |
| • AMSAN | 10 (18.1%) |
| • AMAN | 9 (16.3%) |
| • Normal | 2 (3.6%) |
| Anti-ganglioside antibodies | |
| Not reported/not done | 37 (61.6%) |
| Done | 23 (38.3%) |
| • Negative | 22/23 (95.6%) |
| • Positive | 1 (4.3%) |
| COVID-19 PCR | |
| Not done | 27 (45%) |
| Done | 33 (55%) |
| • Negative | 33/ 33 (100%) |
| • Positive | 0 (0%) |
| Clinical phenotype (classification) | |
| Classical GBS | 38 (63.3%) |
| Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness | 0 (0%) |
| Paraparetic GBS | 5 (8.3%) |
| Bifacial weakness with paraesthesias | 9 (15%) |
| Pharyngeal (Bulbar) weakness | 1 (1.6%) |
| MFS | 4 (6.6%) |
| Sensory GBS | 3 (5%) |
| Clinical features | |
| 1-Prodrame (backache, headache, and leg pain) | 22 (36.6%) |
| 2-Facial palsy | 30 (50%) |
| 3-Bulbar palsy | 14 (23.3%) |
| 4-Tetraparesis/-plagia | 27 (45%) |
| 5-Paraparesis/-plagia | 17 (28.3%) |
| Hyporeflexia/areflexia | 46 (76.6%) |
| Sensory deficit | 44 (73.3%) |
| Dysautonomia | 12 (20%) |
| Respiratory failure | 5 (8.3%) |
| Ophthalmoplegia | 4 (6.6%) |
| Brighton criteria | |
| Level 1 | 25 (41.6%) |
| Level 2 | 19 (31.6%) |
| Level 3 | 2 (3.3%) |
| Level 4 | 14 (23.3%) |
| Immunotherapy | |
| IVIG | 41 (68.3%) |
| PE | 0 (0%) |
| Oral steroid | 2 (3.3%) |
| IVIG and PE | 5 (8.3%) |
| IVIG and oral steroid | 4 (6.6%) |
| Symptomatic management | 6 (10%) |
| None | 2 (3.3%) |
| Follow-up | |
| Not documented | 13 (21.6%) |
| Not improve | 8 (17%) |
| Improve | 39 (82.9%) |
| - Slightly improve | 16 (41%) |
| - Significantly improve | 20 (51.2%) |
| - Recover | 3 (7.6%) |
| Death | (0%) |