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. 2024 Feb 13;15:16. doi: 10.1186/s13293-024-00589-0

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© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — The effect of DMF treatment on CUS-induced learning and memory deficits. A, B Graphics for the object location and novel object recognition tests are shown. C Male animals displayed no group differences in the object location test. D In male rats, CUS induced deficits in the novel object recognition test that were rescued by DMF treatment. E In female rats, deficits in the object location test were observed with CUS exposure and these were alleviated by DMF treatment. F Female rats displayed no group differences in the novel object recognition test. The data are presented as mean ± SEM of N = 9–10 animals per group. *p < 0.05 compared to vehicle and #p < 0.05 compared to CUS + vehicle. A one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey or Games-Howell post-hoc test was used for all analyses