Table 2.
Mediating Effects of Psychological Distress in the Associations Between Problematic Gaming (PG) and Quality of Life (QoL)
| Model Path |
Unstand. Coeff. (SE) | Stand. Coeff. | LLCI, ULCI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Model: Overall QoL (R2=0.18 [psychological distress], 0.60 [QoL]; Power for mediation effect=0.95) | ||||
| PG→psychological distress | 0.93 (0.27) | 0.34 | 0.40, 1.46 | <0.001 |
| Psychological distress→QoL | −0.46 (0.06) | −0.61 | −0.57, −0.35 | <0.001 |
| PG→QoL | 0.25 (0.15) | 0.12 | −0.06, 0.55 | 0.11 |
| PG→psychological distress→QoLa | −0.43 (0.12) | −0.20 | −0.66, −0.18 | -- |
| Exploratory Model: Physical QoL (R2=0.18 [psychological distress], 0.38 [QoL]; Power for mediation effect=0.95) | ||||
| PG→psychological distress | 0.93 (0.27) | 0.34 | 0.40, 1.46 | <0.001 |
| Psychological distress→QoL | −0.52 (0.09) | −0.49 | −0.70, −0.33 | <0.001 |
| PG→QoL | 0.54 (0.26) | 0.19 | 0.03, 1.06 | 0.04 |
| PG→psychological distress→QoLa | −0.48 (0.15) | −0.17 | −0.77, −0.20 | -- |
| Exploratory Model: Emotional QoL (R2=0.18 [psychological distress], 0.56 [QoL]; Power for mediation effect=0.94) | ||||
| PG→psychological distress | 0.93 (0.27) | 0.34 | 0.40, 1.46 | <0.001 |
| Psychological distress→QoL | −0.73 (0.09) | −0.64 | −0.90, −0.55 | <0.001 |
| PG→QoL | 0.36 (0.24) | 0.11 | −0.12, 0.83 | 0.14 |
| PG→psychological distress→QoLa | −0.67 (0.24) | −0.21 | −1.19, −0.24 | -- |
| Exploratory Model: Self-esteem QoL (R2=0.18 [psychological distress], 0.17 [QoL]; Power for mediation effect=0.29) | ||||
| PG→psychological distress | 0.93 (0.27) | 0.34 | 0.40, 1.46 | <0.001 |
| Psychological distress→QoL | −0.24 (0.16) | −0.16 | −0.56, 0.07 | 0.13 |
| PG→QoL | 0.64 (0.44) | 0.15 | −0.23, 1.50 | 0.15 |
| PG→psychological distress→QoLa | −0.23 (0.14) | −0.05 | −0.51, 0.08 | -- |
| Exploratory Model: Family QoL (R2=0.18 [psychological distress], 0.27 [QoL]; Power for mediation effect=0.94) | ||||
| PG→psychological distress | 0.93 (0.27) | 0.34 | 0.40, 1.46 | <0.001 |
| Psychological distress→QoL | −0.41 (0.10) | −0.42 | −0.60, −0.22 | <0.001 |
| PG→QoL | −0.30 (0.26) | −0.11 | −0.82, 0.23 | 0.26 |
| PG→psychological distress→QoLa | −0.38 (0.16) | −0.14 | −0.70, −0.07 | -- |
| Exploratory Model: Friends QoL (R2=0.18 [psychological distress], 0.24 [QoL]; Power for mediation effect=0.94) | ||||
| PG→psychological distress | 0.93 (0.27) | 0.34 | 0.40, 1.46 | <0.001 |
| Psychological distress→QoL | −0.55 (0.13) | −0.44 | −0.80, −0.31 | <0.001 |
| PG→QoL | 0.37 (0.34) | 0.11 | −0.31, 1.05 | 0.28 |
| PG→psychological distress→QoLa | −0.51 (0.19) | −0.15 | −0.92, −0.18 | -- |
| Exploratory Model: School QoL (R2=0.18 [psychological distress], 0.26 [QoL]; Power for mediation effect=0.83) | ||||
| PG→psychological distress | 0.93 (0.27) | 0.34 | 0.40, 1.46 | <0.001 |
| Psychological distress→QoL | −0.33 (0.10) | −0.32 | −0.53, −0.13 | 0.002 |
| PG→QoL | −0.13 (0.28) | −0.05 | −0.68, 0.42 | 0.64 |
| PG→psychological distress→QoLa | −0.31 (0.11) | −0.11 | −0.55, −0.11 | -- |
Notes: aMediation models were tested using bootstrapping method with 5000 bootstrapping resamples. All models controlled for age, sex, and presence of physical illness.
Abbreviations: Unstand. Coeff., unstandardized coefficient; SE, standard error; Stand. Coeff., standardized coefficient; LLCI, lower limit of confidence interval at 95%; ULCI, upper limit of confidence interval at 95%.