TABLE 2.
Trends in the Prevalence of Severe Obesitya Among Children Aged 2 to 4 Years Enrolled in WIC Program in Selected Years, 2010 to 2020
| Characteristics | Crude Prevalence, % (95% CI) | APD,b % (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 2016 | 2020c | 2016 vs 2010 | 2020 vs 2016 | |
| Overall | 2.12 (2.10 to 2.13) | 1.84 (1.83 to 1.86) | 2.03 (2.01 to 2.05) | −0.19 (−0.21 to −0.16)d | 0.23 (0.21 to 0.26)d |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 2.06 (2.03 to 2.08) | 1.75 (1.73 to 1.77) | 1.95 (1.92 to 1.98) | −0.21 (−0.24 to −0.18)d | 0.25 (0.21 to 0.28)d |
| Female | 2.18 (2.16 to 2.20) | 1.94 (1.92 to 1.96) | 2.11 (2.08 to 2.15) | −0.16 (−0.19 to −0.13)d | 0.22 (0.18 to 0.26)d |
| Age, y | |||||
| 2 | 1.30 (1.28 to 1.32) | 1.16 (1.14 to 1.18) | 1.25 (1.23 to 1.28) | −0.10 (−0.13 to −0.07)d | 0.11 (0.08 to 0.15)d |
| 3 | 2.23 (2.20 to 2.26) | 1.97 (1.95 to 2.00) | 2.24 (2.20 to 2.27) | −0.22 (−0.26 to −0.18)d | 0.28 (0.24 to 0.33)d |
| 4 | 3.31 (3.27 to 3.35) | 2.87 (2.83 to 2.91) | 3.14 (3.09 to 3.20) | −0.32 (−0.38 to −0.27)d | 0.35 (0.28 to 0.42)d |
| Race/ethnicitye | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 2.66 (2.50 to 2.82) | 2.41 (2.26 to 2.57) | 2.36 (2.17 to 2.58) | −0.18 (−0.40 to 0.05) | −0.01 (−0.27 to 0.25) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.51 (1.44 to 1.58) | 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20) | 1.43 (1.35 to 1.51) | −0.32 (−0.41 to −0.23)d | 0.28 (0.19 to 0.38)d |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.51 (1.48 to 1.54) | 1.38 (1.35 to 1.41) | 1.48 (1.44 to 1.52) | −0.09 (−0.13 to −0.05)d | 0.13 (0.08 to 0.18)d |
| Hispanic | 2.81 (2.78 to 2.83) | 2.41 (2.38 to 2.44) | 2.79 (2.76 to 2.83) | −0.31 (−0.34 to −0.27)d | 0.41 (0.36 to 0.46)d |
| White, non-Hispanic | 1.45 (1.42 to 1.47) | 1.36 (1.34 to 1.39) | 1.38 (1.35 to 1.42) | −0.05 (−0.08 to −0.01)d | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07) |
| Household income, % FPL | |||||
| <50 | 2.18 (2.16 to 2.21) | 1.90 (1.88 to 1.93) | 2.11 (2.07 to 2.15) | −0.16 (−0.20 to −0.12)d | 0.24 (0.19 to 0.29)d |
| 50 to <100 | 2.27 (2.25 to 2.30) | 1.97 (1.94 to 1.99) | 2.19 (2.15 to 2.23) | −0.20 (−0.23 to −0.16)d | 0.29 (0.24 to 0.34)d |
| 100 to <150 | 2.02 (1.98 to 2.05) | 1.66 (1.63 to 1.70) | 1.88 (1.83 to 1.93) | −0.27 (−0.32 to −0.22)d | 0.23 (0.18 to 0.29)d |
| ≥150 | 1.66 (1.61 to 1.70) | 1.45 (1.40 to 1.50) | 1.72 (1.66 to 1.79) | −0.16 (−0.23 to −0.09)d | 0.24 (0.16 to 0.32)d |
Defined as a BMI of 120% or more of the 95th percentile for age and sex on the CDC growth charts or BMI ≥35 kg/m.
Represents 100 times the average marginal effect of year (2016 vs 2010, 2020 vs 2016) controlling for sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Children with missing information on race/ethnicity were excluded. A negative value indicates that the prevalence decreased.
Children with anthropometric data examined in March and April 2020 were excluded because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level based on logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
Children with multiple race/ethnicity designations were assigned to the appropriate race/ethnicity category presented in the table.