TABLE 3.
Prevalence of Severe Obesitya Among Children Aged 2 to 4 Years Enrolled in WIC Program, by US State or Territory, 2010 to 2020
| WIC Agency | 2010 | 2016 | 2020 | 2016 vs 2010 | 2020 vs 2016 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | %b (95% CI) | n | %b (95% CI) | n | %b (95% CI) | APD,c % (95% CI) | APD,c % (95% CI) | |
| State | ||||||||
| Alabama | 45 743 | 2.12 (2.00 to 2.26) | 42 671 | 2.25 (2.12 to 2.40) | 29 284 | 2.10 (1.94 to 2.27) | 0.10 (−0.09 to 0.29) | 0.09 (−0.13, 0.31) |
| Alaska | 10108 | 2.6 (2.31 to 2.93) | 5983 | 2.36 (2.00 to 2.77) | 3390 | 1.74 (1.35 to 2.24) | −0.29 (−0.78 to 0.20) | −0.59 (−1.18 to 0.0)d |
| Arizona | 72 933 | 2.07 (1.97 to 2.17) | 58 054 | 1.29 (1.20 to 1.39) | 40182 | 1.41 (1.30 to 1.53) | −0.74 (−0.88 to −0.60)d | 0.15 (0.0 to 0.29) |
| Arkansas | 31 245 | 1.9 (1.76 to 2.06) | 23 647 | 1.81 (1.64 to 1.98) | 11 735 | 2.06 (1.82 to 2.34) | −0.07 (−0.30 to 0.16) | 0.30 (−0.01 to 0.61) |
| California | 583 008 | 2.73 (2.69 to 2.77) | 495 095 | 2.26 (2.22 to 2.30) | 202 526 | 2.77 (2.70 to 2.84) | −0.28 (−0.34 to −0.22)d | 0.54 (0.45 to 0.62)d |
| Colorado | 39 612 | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.22) | 31 307 | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.14) | 21 702 | 1.23 (1.10 to 1.39) | −0.10 (−0.25 to 0.05) | 0.29 (0.10 to 0.48)d |
| Connecticut | 22 988 | 2.32 (2.13 to 2.52) | 18 748 | 1.84 (1.66 to 2.04) | 13 271 | 2.19 (1.96 to 2.46) | −0.31 (−0.58 to −0.03)d | 0.19 (−0.12 to 0.51) |
| Delaware | 7650 | 2.81 (2.46 to 3.21) | 6906 | 2.11 (1.8 to 2.48) | 4610 | 2.32 (1.92 to 2.8) | −0.27 (−0.78 to 0.24) | 0.19 (−0.36 to 0.73) |
| District of Columbia | 5182 | 2.06 (1.71 to 2.49) | 5181 | 1.41 (1.12 to 1.77) | 3480 | 1.52 (1.17 to 1.99) | −0.45 (−0.95 to 0.05) | 0.11 (−0.40 to 0.63) |
| Florida | 194 924 | 1.83 (1.77 to 1.89) | 193 749 | 1.61 (1.55 to 1.66) | 125 469 | 1.74 (1.67 to 1.82) | −0.23 (−0.31 to −0.15)d | 0.18 (0.08 to 0.27)d |
| Georgia | 104959 | 1.76 (1.68 to 1.84) | 78 023 | 1.55 (1.46 to 1.63) | 42 661 | 1.85 (1.73 to 1.98) | −0.23 (−0.35 to −0.11)d | 0.40 (0.24 to 0.56)d |
| Hawaii | 14 504 | 1.29 (1.12 to 1.49) | 11 589 | 1.33 (1.14 to 1.55) | 8441 | 1.55 (1.31 to 1.84) | 0.03 (−0.25 to 0.31) | 0.37 (0.02 to 0.72)d |
| Idaho | 18 704 | 1.29 (1.14 to 1.47) | 14521 | 1.47 (1.29 to 1.68) | 8859 | 1.47 (1.24 to 1.74) | 0.16 (−0.09 to 0.41) | 0.07 (−0.25 to 0.39) |
| Illinois | 108 762 | 2.02 (1.94 to 2.10) | 79 949 | 2.05 (1.96 to 2.15) | 41 503 | 2.20 (2.07 to 2.35) | 0.12 (−0.02 to 0.25) | 0.22 (0.05 to 0.39)d |
| Indiana | 63 220 | 2.07 (1.97 to 2.19) | 55 955 | 1.54 (1.45 to 1.65) | 35126 | 1.65 (1.52 to 1.79) | −0.24 (−0.39 to −0.09)d | −0.06 (−0.23 to 0.10) |
| Iowa | 29 481 | 2.01 (1.86 to 2.18) | 24 427 | 1.99 (1.82 to 2.17) | 14447 | 1.88 (1.67 to 2.11) | 0.02 (−0.22 to 0.26) | −0.12 (−0.40 to 0.16) |
| Kansas | 30 458 | 1.69 (1.56 to 1.85) | 24 306 | 1.52 (1.37 to 1.68) | 15 555 | 1.64 (1.45 to 1.85) | −0.18 (−0.39 to 0.03) | 0.22 (−0.04 to 0.47) |
| Kentucky | 45 761 | 2.73 (2.58 to 2.88) | 38 361 | 2.42 (2.28 to 2.58) | 17 697 | 2.34 (2.13 to 2.57) | −0.30 (−0.52 to −0.09)d | −0.06 (−0.34 to 0.21) |
| Louisiana | 48145 | 1.85 (1.74 to 1.98) | 37 527 | 1.76 (1.63 to 1.90) | 21 090 | 1.95 (1.77 to 2.14) | −0.15 (−0.33 to 0.03) | 0.26 (0.02 to 0.49)d |
| Maine | 10410 | 1.69 (1.46 to 1.96) | 8233 | 1.63 (1.38 to 1.92) | 4665 | 1.82 (1.48 to 2.25) | −0.07 (−0.44 to 0.30) | 0.22 (−0.25 to 0.69) |
| Maryland | 51 280 | 2.12 (2.00 to 2.25) | 50 469 | 2.00 (1.88 to 2.12) | 35 210 | 2.25 (2.10 to 2.41) | −0.03 (−0.21 to 0.14) | 0.26 (0.06 to 0.46)d |
| Massachusetts | 49178 | 2.16 (2.03 to 2.29) | 41 740 | 2.07 (1.94 to 2.22) | 28 562 | 2.36 (2.19 to 2.54) | −0.13 (−0.32 to 0.06) | 0.23 (0.01 to 0.45)d |
| Michigan | 85 293 | 1.67 (1.59 to 1.76) | 84 387 | 1.40 (1.32 to 1.48) | 61 119 | 1.61 (1.51 to 1.71) | −0.12 (−0.23 to 0.0) | 0.21 (0.08 to 0.34)d |
| Minnesota | 57 529 | 1.30 (1.21 to 1.40) | 47 219 | 1.45 (1.35 to 1.56) | 27 074 | 1.30 (1.18 to 1.45) | 0.11 (−0.03 to 0.26) | −0.08 (−0.25 to 0.09) |
| Mississippi | 36 519 | 2.07 (1.93 to 2.22) | 28 493 | 2.39 (2.22 to 2.57) | 19 685 | 2.15 (1.96 to 2.36) | 0.26 (0.03 to 0.49)d | −0.18 (−0.45 to 0.09) |
| Missouri | 50 575 | 1.58 (1.48 to 1.69) | 43 404 | 1.42 (1.32 to 1.54) | 22 856 | 1.50 (1.35 to 1.67) | −0.15 (−0.31 to 0.0) | 0.12 (−0.07 to 0.32) |
| Montana | 7194 | 1.60 (1.33 to 1.92) | 6647 | 1.43 (1.17 to 1.74) | 3621 | 1.16 (0.86 to 1.56) | −0.22 (−0.62 to 0.19) | −0.22 (−0.68 to 0.23) |
| Nebraska | 15 622 | 1.86 (1.66 to 2.09) | 13 807 | 2.14 (1.91 to 2.39) | 7376 | 1.84 (1.56 to 2.18) | 0.24 (−0.08 to 0.56) | −0.26 (−0.65 to 0.13) |
| Nevada | 25 855 | 2.02 (1.85 to 2.19) | 24 493 | 1.70 (1.55 to 1.87) | 15 790 | 1.64 (1.45 to 1.85) | −0.23 (−0.47 to 0.0) | 0.07 (−0.19 to 0.33) |
| New Hampshire | 7263 | 1.65 (1.38 to 1.97) | 6042 | 1.77 (1.47 to 2.14) | 4402 | 2.02 (1.65 to 2.48) | 0.08 (−0.36 to 0.52) | 0.31 (−0.23 to 0.84) |
| New Jersey | 59 000 | 2.45 (2.33 to 2.58) | 53 917 | 2.09 (1.97 to 2.21) | 42 528 | 2.28 (2.15 to 2.43) | −0.40 (−0.58 to −0.23)d | 0.39 (0.20 to 0.58)d |
| New Mexico | 21 968 | 1.86 (1.69 to 2.05) | 18619 | 1.57 (1.40 to 1.76) | 11 781 | 1.98 (1.74 to 2.25) | −0.27 (−0.52 to −0.01)d | 0.33 (0.02 to 0.63)d |
| New York | 186 760 | 2.10 (2.03 to 2.16) | 182 401 | 1.66 (1.60 to 1.72) | 103 959 | 1.95 (1.87 to 2.04) | −0.27 (−0.36 to −0.19)d | 0.19 (0.09 to 0.29)d |
| North Carolina | 89 798 | 1.85 (1.77 to 1.94) | 97 286 | 1.83 (1.74 to 1.91) | 57101 | 1.91 (1.8 to 2.03) | 0.0 (−0.12 to 0.13) | 0.17 (0.03 to 0.31)d |
| North Dakota | 5484 | 1.53 (1.24 to 1.89) | 4723 | 1.69 (1.36 to 2.10) | 3072 | 1.89 (1.46 to 2.43) | 0.14 (−0.35 to 0.64) | 0.26 (−0.35 to 0.87) |
| Ohio | 102 803 | 1.62 (1.55 to 1.70) | 74 753 | 1.45 (1.37 to 1.54) | 35 864 | 1.61 (1.49 to 1.75) | −0.17 (−0.28 to −0.05)d | 0.18 (0.02 to 0.33)d |
| Oklahoma | 37 849 | 1.75 (1.62 to 1.88) | 34 486 | 1.68 (1.55 to 1.83) | 19 665 | 1.64 (1.47 to 1.83) | −0.07 (−0.26 to 0.12) | −0.04 (−0.27 to 0.18) |
| Oregon | 43 209 | 1.73 (1.61 to 1.85) | 34 485 | 1.77 (1.63 to 1.91) | 21 315 | 1.97 (1.79 to 2.17) | 0.06 (−0.13 to 0.24) | 0.27 (0.04 to 0.51)d |
| Pennsylvania | 96 762 | 1.65 (1.57 to 1.73) | 80 202 | 1.56 (1.48 to 1.65) | 55 283 | 1.71 (1.61 to 1.82) | −0.02 (−0.14 to 0.1) | 0.05 (−0.09 to 0.19) |
| Rhode Island | 10 783 | 2.28 (2.02 to 2.58) | 6984 | 1.93 (1.64 to 2.28) | 4938 | 2.37 (1.98 to 2.83) | −0.36 (−0.79 to 0.07) | 0.41 (−0.12 to 0.95) |
| South Carolina | 39 785 | 1.65 (1.53 to 1.78) | 32 399 | 1.56 (1.43 to 1.70) | 16 461 | 1.75 (1.56 to 1.96) | 0.04 (−0.14 to 0.23) | 0.20 (−0.04 to 0.44) |
| South Dakota | 7884 | 1.84 (1.57 to 2.16) | 6771 | 1.76 (1.47 to 2.10) | 4194 | 1.74 (1.39 to 2.18) | −0.14 (−0.58 to 0.29) | −0.11 (−0.61 to 0.39) |
| Tennessee | 57153 | 2.12 (2.01 to 2.24) | 51 157 | 2.01 (1.89 to 2.13) | 30 061 | 2.09 (1.93 to 2.25) | −0.14 (−0.31 to 0.03) | 0.20 (0.0 to 0.41) |
| Texas | 361 823 | 2.33 (2.29 to 2.38) | 268 787 | 2.02 (1.97 to 2.07) | 180 615 | 2.40 (2.33 to 2.47) | −0.14 (−0.21 to −0.06)d | 0.45 (0.36 to 0.54)d |
| Utah | 26 045 | 1.22 (1.09 to 1.36) | 21 599 | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.11) | 11 707 | 1.17 (0.99 to 1.38) | −0.24 (−0.43 to −0.06)d | 0.25 (0.01 to 0.49)d |
| Vermont | 6964 | 1.71 (1.43 to 2.04) | 5254 | 1.79 (1.46 to 2.18) | 3904 | 1.74 (1.38 to 2.2) | 0.06 (−0.41 to 0.54) | −0.04 (−0.59 to 0.50) |
| Virginia | 48 920 | 2.72 (2.58 to 2.87) | 47 376 | 1.99 (1.86 to 2.12) | 28 038 | 2.16 (2.00 to 2.34) | −0.55 (−0.74 to −0.36)d | 0.16 (−0.05 to 0.37) |
| Washington | 78 336 | 1.81 (1.72 to 1.90) | 69 870 | 1.74 (1.65 to 1.84) | 43618 | 1.90 (1.78 to 2.03) | −0.09 (−0.22 to 0.05) | 0.38 (0.22 to 0.55)d |
| West Virginia | 17 669 | 2.33 (2.12 to 2.56) | 14 222 | 2.52 (2.27 to 2.79) | 7598 | 2.34 (2.03 to 2.71) | 0.15 (−0.19 to 0.49) | −0.12 (−0.55 to 0.31) |
| Wisconsin | 48 511 | 1.79 (1.68 to 1.92) | 37116 | 1.79 (1.66 to 1.93) | 26177 | 1.90 (1.74 to 2.08) | 0.04 (−0.14 to 0.22) | 0.26 (0.04 to 0.47)d |
| Wyoming | 4413 | 0.95 (0.70 to 1.28) | 3458 | 1.33 (1.00 to 1.77) | 2007 | 1.74 (1.26 to 2.42) | 0.34 (−0.13 to 0.82) | 0.45 (−0.24 to 1.14) |
| Territory | ||||||||
| American Samoa | 3221 | 1.55 (1.18 to 2.04) | 2824 | 1.10 (0.77 to 1.55) | 1421 | 1.76 (1.19 to 2.58) | −0.45 (−1.02 to 0.13) | 0.62 (−0.16 to 1.39) |
| Guam | 3248 | 1.45 (1.09 to 1.92) | 2710 | 0.70 (0.45 to 1.09) | 2234 | 0.81 (0.51 to 1.27) | −0.76 (−1.28 to, −0.24)d | 0.11 (−0.38 to 0.59) |
| Northern Mariana Islands | 2157 | 2.60 (2.00 to 3.36) | 1418 | 0.63 (0.33 to 1.20) | 1095 | 0.82 (0.43 to 1.55) | − 1.99 (−2.78 to −1.20)d | 0.16 (−0.52 to 0.84) |
| Puerto Rico | 70 699 | 3.09 (2.97 to 3.22) | 63 251 | 1.90 (1.80 to 2.01) | 40 056 | 2.14 (2.00 to 2.29) | −1.17 (−1.33 to −1.00)d | 0.30 (0.12 to 0.48)d |
| Virgin Islands | 2093 | 1.72 (1.24 to 2.37) | 1593 | 1.76 (1.22 to 2.53) | 667 | 1.65 (0.92 to 2.93) | 0.03 (−0.82, 0.88) | −0.09 (−1.25 to 1.08) |
a
Defined as a BMI of 120% or more of the 95th percentile for age and sex on the CDC growth charts or BMI ≥35 kg/m.
b
Crude prevalence of severe obesity.
c
Represents 100 times the average marginal effect of year (2016 vs 2010, 2020 vs 2016) controlling for sex, age, and race or ethnicity. Children with missing information on race/ethnicity were excluded. A negative value indicates that the adjusted prevalence decreased.
d
Statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level based on logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.