Table 1.
Summaries of the included studies.
| Reference | Country | Research design | Study duration | TB patients | TB-DM comorbid patients | Inclusion criteria | Covariates | Unsuccessful treatment outcomes assessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adane et al. [2] | Ethiopia | Prospective | 2020–2021 | 267 | 24 | Patients on first-line anti-TB treatment | Age, BMI, gender, smoking, alcohol | Extended treatment duration |
| Chang et al. [23] | Taiwan | Prospective | 2004–2005 | 192 | 60 | Patients followed treatment recommendations | NR | Extended treatment duration |
| Eksombatchai et al. [1] | South Korea | Retrospective | 2017–2020 | 199,571 | 47,952 | TB patients who completed TB treatment successfully | Age, region, household income, nationality, TB lesions, previous TB history, AFB smear, disability, CCI scores | Recurrence |
| Viswanathan et al. [24] | India | Retrospective | NR | 245 | 96 | TB-DM comorbid patients for analysis | NR | Extended treatment duration |
| Satung et al. [25] | Thailand | Retrospective | 2010–2012 | 7805 | 555 | Patients who were smear positive before treatment | Age, sex, occupation, comorbidity, sputum smear, DM | Extended treatment duration |
| Alisjahbana et al. [26] | Indonesia | Prospective | 2000–2005 | 634 | 94 | TB-DM comorbid patients | NR | Extended treatment duration |
| Ghanta et al. [27] | India | Prospective | NR | 100 | 50 | TB-DM comorbid patients | NR | Extended treatment duration |
| Jiménez-Corona et al. [28] | Mexico | Prospective | 1995–2010 | 1262 | 374 | TB-DM comorbid patients | Gender, smoking, HIV infection, BMI | Extended treatment duration, recurrence |
| Yoon et al. [29] | South Korea | Prospective | 2012–2014 | 661 | 157 | TB-DM comorbid patients with age ≥ 18 years | Age, BMI, smoking, DM status, presence of comorbidity, sputum positive smear | Extended treatment duration |
| Prakash [30] | India | Retrospective | NR | 160 | 80 | TB-DM comorbid patients with age ≥ 18 years | NR | Extended treatment duration |
| Kang et al. [31] | South Korea | Retrospective | 2000–2002 | 1407 | 239 | MDR-TB patients | NR | Extended treatment duration |
| Siddiqui et al. [32] | India | Prospective | 2014 | 316 | 50 | TB patients with age more than 15 years and receiving DOTS therapy | Age, gender, BMI, TB history, clinical presentation | Extended treatment duration |
| Barss et al. [33] | Canada | Retrospective | 2007–2012 | 690 | 136 | Patients with age ≥18 years, appropriate clinical charts | Age, ethnicity, immunocompromised state | Extended treatment duration, recurrence |
| Delgado-Sánchez et al. [34] | Mexico | Retrospective | 2000–2012 | 181,378 | 34,988 | TB patients with age ≥20 years | Age, gender, previous TB treatment, malnutrition | Extended treatment duration |
| Ayeni et al. [35] | Nigeria | Retrospective | 2011–2012 | 424 | 36 | Patients with age >18 years | NR | Extended treatment duration |
| Kornfeld et al. [36] | India | Prospective | 2014–2018 | 389 | 256 | Pulmonary TB patients with age 25–60 years | Age, gender, height, smoking, income, alcohol intake | Extended treatment duration |
| Gil-Santana et al. [37] | Brazil | Retrospective | 2004–2010 | 244 | 128 | TB-DM comorbid patients and TB-non-DM patients with age ≥ 18 years | Age, gender | Extended treatment duration |
| Magee et al. [38] | Georgia | Retrospective | 2009–2011 | 1349 | 72 | Patients with age ≥18 years, patients with confirmed MDR-TB | Age, gender, BMI, smoking, alcohol, HIV, previous TB treatment, cavitary disease, disseminated TB | Extended treatment duration |
| Mukhtar and Butt [39] | Pakistan | Prospective | NR | 614 | 113 | Patients with age ≥15 years, no prior intake of ATT | Age, smoking, BMI, area of residence | Extended treatment duration |
| Chiang et al. [40] | Taiwan | Retrospective | 2005–2010 | 1473 | 705 | Culture positivity in TB patients, patients with DM history | Age, gender, sputum smear, drug resistance, smoking | Extended treatment duration |
| Magee et al. [41] | Georgia | Prospective | 2011–2014 | 318 | 37 | Patients with age 7–35 years, new TB cases, HbA1c tested, eligible for standard treatment | Age, gender, HIV infection, smoking | Extended treatment duration |
| Muñoz-Torrico et al. [42] | Mexico | Retrospective | 2010–2015 | 90 | 49 | MDR-TB and XDR-TB patients | NR | Extended treatment duration |
| Perez-Navarro et al. [43] | Mexico | Prospective | 2006–2014 | 507 | 183 | Patients with MDR-TB, prior DM diagnosis | Age, gender, overcrowding, smoking | Extended treatment duration, recurrence |
| Sembiah et al. [44] | India | Prospective | 2014–2017 | 662 | 82 | Adult patients with age ≥18 years | NR | Extended treatment duration |
| Arriaga et al. [45] | Brazil | Prospective | 2015–2019 | 643 | 107 | Patients with pulmonary TB, age ≥18 years, treatment completion | Age, gender, alcohol, HIV infection, smoking | Extended treatment duration |
| Sulaiman et al. [46] | Malaysia | Retrospective | 2006–2007 | 1267 | 338 | Registered TB patients | NR | Extended treatment duration, Recurrence |
| Rout et al. [47] | India | Case control | 2019–2020 | 120 | 60 | Patients with age 18–64, received treatment | NR | Extended treatment duration |
| Leung et al. [17] | China | Prospective | 2006–2010 | 21,414 | 3331 | Patients treated at clinics | Age, gender, ethnicity, residence, employment, alcohol, smoking, HIV, previous TB treatment | Recurrence |
| Sahakyan et al. [48] | Armenia | Retrospective | 2013–2014 | 621 | 36 | adult TB patients | Weight, sputum smear | Extended treatment duration |
| Lee et al. [49] | South Korea | Retrospective | 2010–2012 | 1044 | 252 | Patients with age >30 years, diagnosed pulmonary TB | NR | Extended treatment duration, recurrence |
| Haile Workneh et al. [50] | Ethiopia | Prospective | 2013–2015 | 1314 | 109 | TB patients with age ≥15 years, completed TB treatment | Age, gender, BMI, HIV infection area of residence, adherence to TB treatment | Extended treatment duration |
| You et al. [51] | China | Retrospective | 2017 | 89,788 | 335 | TB-DM patients, age ≥18 years | NR | Extended treatment duration |
| Hongguang et al. [52] | China | Prospective | 2010–2011 | 1126 | 182 | Patients with confirmed PTB diagnosis | NR | Extended treatment duration, recurrence |
| Wang et al. [7] | Taiwan | Retrospective | 2003–2006 | 217 | 74 | Patients with diagnosed and confirmed pulmonary TB | Age, gender | Extended treatment duration |
| Mahato et al. [53] | Nepal | Prospective | NR | 408 | 102 | Patients with diagnosed TB, undergoing TB treatment | Age, employment, history of TB | Extended treatment duration |
| Lin et al. [54] | China | Prospective | 2015–201 | 306 | 128 | Patients with age ≥18 years, diagnosed TB | Age | Extended treatment duration |
| Wu et al. [55] | China | Retrospective | 2007–2008 | 201 | 40 | Pulmonary TB patients, residents | Age, gender, smoking history, pulmonary cavities, sputum smear status and TB treatment duration. | Extended treatment duration, recurrence |
| Mi et al. [56] | China | Retrospective | 2011–2012 | 1589 | 189 | Patients with diagnosed TB | Age, previous TB treatment | Extended treatment duration |
| Nandakumar et al. [57] | India | Retrospective | 2010–2011 | 3116 | 667 | Adult TB patients received DOTS therapy thrice-weekly | Age, gender, site and type of TB, smear status, HIV infection | Extended treatment duration |
| Mave et al. [58] | India | Prospective | 2013–2019 | 574 | 225 | Patients with age ≥18 years, confirmed pulmonary TB and DM | Age, gender, employment status, smoking, alcohol, BMI, smear status | Extended treatment duration, recurrence |
| Choi et al. [59] | Nigeria | Retrospective | 2014–2016 | 1000 | 200 | Diagnosed TB patients | Age, gender, HIV status, smoking | Extended treatment duration |
| Xhardo et al. [60] | Albania | Cross-sectional | 2018–2019 | 140 | 13 | Patients with diagnosed TB | Age, gender, BMI, smoking, alcohol, HIV status | Extended treatment duration |
| Baltas et al. [61] | UK | Retrospective | NR | 838 | 126 | Diagnosed TB patients | Age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, smoking, alcohol, comorbidities, previous TB treatment | Extended treatment duration |
| Tok et al. [62] | Malaysia | Retrospective | 2014–2017 | 97,505 | 2464 | Registered TB patients | Age, gender, education, residence, HIV, comorbidities | Extended treatment duration |
ATT: anti-tuberculosis treatment; BMI; body mass index; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; DOTS: Directly Observed Treatment-Short Course; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; ICD: international classification of diseases; MDR-TB: multi-drug resistant tuberculosis; NR: not reported; PTB: pulmonary tuberculosis; WHO: World Health Organization; XDR-TB: extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.