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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Card Fail. 2023 Sep 26;29(10):1412–1451. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2023.07.006

Table 10.

AAMR and Average Annual Change in HF-Related Mortality Between Rural and Urban Adults81

Overall Age 35–64 y Age 65–84 y
AAMR 2011 (per 100,000 population)* AAMR 2018 (per 100,000 population)* AAPC AAMR 2011 (per 100,000 population)* AAMR 2018 (per 100,000 population)* AAPC AAMR 2011 (per 100,000 population)* AAMR 2018 (per 100,000 population)* AAPC
Rural
Overall 65.3 (64.3–66.3) 73.2 (72.2–74.2) +1.9 (1.4–2.4) 13.6 (13.1–14.1) 18.0 (17.5–18.6) +4.6 (3.7–5.5) 244.7 (240.8–248.7) 264.5 (260.7–268.3) +1.3 (0.9–1.8)
Black women 80.5 (74.8–86.3) 88.7 (83.0–94.5) +1.9 (0.8–3.1) 27.0 (23.5–30.5) 32.7 (28.8–36.7) +4.2 (1.6–6.7) 266.3 (243.7–288.9) 283.1 (261.5–304.7) +1.0 (0.2–1.9)
White women 51.4 (50.2–52.5) 55.7 (54.5–56.9) +1.3 (0.6–2.0) 8.5 (7.9–9.0) 11.0 (10.3–11.6) +4.1 (2.6–5.6) 200.2 (195.2–205.1) 210.9 (206.1–215.7) +0.9 (0.2–1.5)
Black men 106.4 (98.5–114.2) 131.1 (123.3–138.9) +3.2 (1.9–4.5) 35.9 (31.8–40.0) 52.3 (47.4–57.3) +6.1 (3.7–8.5) 350.8 (318.7–382.8) 404.4 (374.2–434.7) +2.0 (1.1–2.9)
White men 77.2 (75.6–78.8) 86.8 (85.3–88.4) +2.0 (1.5–2.5) 15.6 (14.8–16.4) 20.8 (19.8–21.7) +4.5 (37–5.4) 291.0 (284.5–297.6) 316.1 (309.8–322.4) +1.5 (1.1–2.0)
Urban
Overall 51.8 (51.4–52.2) 57.2 (56.8–57.6) +1.7 (1.2–2.1) 9.5 (9.3–9.7) 12.8 (12.6–13.0) +4.4 (4.0–4.9) 198.5 (196.8–200.2) 198.5 (196.8–200.2) +1.2 (0.7–1.7)
Black women 56.2 (54.5–57.9) 64.6 (63.0–66.1) +2.3 (1.7–2.9) 15.4 (54.5–57.9) 19.8 (18.9–20.7) +3.6 (27–4.5) 197.7 (190.8–204.5) 197.7 (190.8–204.5) +1.9 (1.3–2.6)
White women 39.5 (39.0–40.0) 40.5 (40.0–41.0) +0.7 (0.1–1.2) 5.2 (5.0–5.4) 6.4 (6.2–6.6) +3.4 (2.4–4.4) 158.6 (156.5–160.7) 158.6 (156.5–160.7) +0.3 (-0.3–1.0)
Black men 80.9 (78.4–83.3) 101.9 (99.5–104.2) +3.3 (2.6–3.9J 27.1 (25.9–28.3) 37.7 (36.4–39.1) +4.8 (3.8–5.7) 267.4 (257.4–277.3) 267.4 (257.4–277.3) +2.7 (1.9–3.5)
White men 62.0 (61.3–62.7) 69.0 (68.4–69.7) +1.8 (1.4–2.1) 10.2 (9.9–10.5) 13.8 (13.5–14.1) +4.6 (4.2–4.9) 241.8 (238.8–244.8) 241.8 (238.8–244.8) +1.3 (0.9–1.8)
*

AAMR per 100,000 calculated by direct method using 2000 US Census as the standard population

Average annual percent change calculated using Joinpoint Regression Program version 4.7 (National Cancer Institute)

Rural-urban status grouped based on the 2013 NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties

AAMR = age-adjusted mortality rate; AAPC = average annual percentage change; HF = heart failure; NCI = National Cancer Institute

81.

Pierce JB, Shah NS, Petito LC, Pool L, Uoyd-Jones DM, Feinglass J, et al. Trends in Heart Failure-Related Cardiovascular Mortality in Rural Versus Urban United States Counties, 2011–2018: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0246813.