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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Card Fail. 2023 Sep 26;29(10):1412–1451. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2023.07.006

Table 6.

Associations of Clinical Risk factors with Incident Failure: Men vs Women

Men Women Interaction
sHR (95% Cl) p Value sHR (95% Cl) p Value p int
Age (per 10 yrs) 1.80 (1.67–1.95) <0.001 2.07 (1.89–2.28) <0.001 0.001
Smoking 1.36 (1.14–1.63) 0.001 1.50 (1.25–1.81) <0.001 0.845
Diabetes mellitus 1.49 (1.28–1.72) <0.001 1.76 (1.49–2.09) <0.001 0.164
Hypertension 1.67 (1.45–1.93) <0.001 1.98 (1.68–2.34) <0.001 0.073
Body mass index (per 4 kg/m2) 1.28 (1.21–1.36) <0.001 1.18 (1.12–1.24) <0.001 0.020
Atrial fibrillation 1.83 (1.37–2.44) <0.001 2.58 (1.62–4.13) <0.001 0.153
Myocardial infarction 2.19 (1.85–2.60) <0.001 1.69 (1.28–2.22) <0.001 0.349
Left ventricular hypertrophy 2.11 (1.62–2.75) <0.001 1.76 (1.36–2.26) <0.001 0.515
Left bundle branch block 2.43 (1.62–3.63) <0.001 3.14 (2.13–4.64) <0.001 0.281
C-statistic 0.80 (0.79–0.82) – 0.83 (0.81–0.84) – –

Fine-Gray models were adjusted for the competing risk of death, and for the following variables: age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, body mass index, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and left ventricular hypertrophy/left bundle branch block; strata statement included. Interaction p value (pjnt) denotes sex·covariate interaction on a multiplicative scale in the total population. AF = atrial fibrillation; BMI = body mass index; Cl = confidence interval; HF = heart failure; Ml = myocardial infaction; sHR = subdistribution hazard ration per unit change in the clinical covariate

66.

Suthahar N, Lau ES, Blaha MJ, Paniagua SM, Larson MG, Psaty BM, et al. Sex-Specific Associations of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Biomarkers with Incident Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Sep 22;76(12):1455–65.