Table 1.

Canopy cover effects on summer hourly temperature, based on a hierarchical model with predictors of field-measured canopy cover, day/night, elevation, an interaction between canopy cover and day/night, and intercept-only random effects of date and location (utility pole number).

Predictor	Air temperature (°C)
	Estimate	95% CI	p
Intercept	17.634	16.787 to 18.480	< 0.001
Canopy cover (%)	− 0.006	− 0.008 to − 0.003	< 0.001
Day	3.450	3.396 to 3.503	< 0.001
Elevation	< 0.001	− 0.005 to 0.005	0.950
Canopy cover × day	0.001	− 0.001 to 0.003	0.605
Random effects
σ2	12.10
τ00 Date	12.72
τ00 Pole_No	0.03
ICC	0.51
NDate	92
NPole_No	46
Observations	88,124
Marginal R2/conditional R2	0.108/0.566

p-values < 0.05 are in bold.