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. 2024 Feb 13;15:1344. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45485-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Illustration of the network structure of the notched TDN (a) and notched HEDN (d) hydrogels. Polarized optical images of notched TDN (b) and notched HEDN (e) hydrogel with increasing strains, showing the absence of crack propagation. Photos with a white background are regular light microscope images, and those with a black background were taken in polarized mode. The stretching direction of the hydrogel samples forms a 45° angle with the direction of the polarizer and analyzer. The direction of A: analyzer, P: polarizer. Scale bars, 500 μm. Illustration of network structure for the notched TDN (c) and notched HEDN (f) hydrogels in the stretched state.