Table 4.

Favoring effect of MSCs on other organs.

MSC Origin	Model	Mechanisms	Outcomes	References
Mouse BMSCs-secreted EVs	IDD mices (NPCs)	Circ-0072464 competitively binds to miR-431, and targets and inhibits NRF2 expression	Inhibit NPCs ferroptosis and relieve intervertebral disc degeneration	[163]
Bone marrow -MSCs	Rats expose to Cr(VI)	upregulate AKT and mTOR phosphorylation increase levels of protein SLC 7A11	downregulate autophagy-associated proteins and repair Cr(VI)-damaged testes	[164,165]