Table 1.
Characteristics of the study subjects in each cohort
| EPIPREG | EPIDG | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohorts | European n = 312 | South Asian n = 168 | |||||||
| Variable | non-GDM (n = 237) | GDM (n = 73) | P.val | non-GDM (n = 99) | GDM (n = 69) | P.val | Non-GDM (N = 16) | GDM (N = 16) | P-value |
| Age | 30.08 (4.47) | 30.14 (4.95) | 0.9421 | 27.87(4.512) | 28.69(4.68) | 0.2661 | 34.1(4.5) | 33.81(4.1) | 0.808 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 28.10 (12.5) | 28.04(13.83) | 0.716 | 27.5 (10.2) | 27.8(12.05) | 0.194 | 27.56(2.1) | 28.06 ± 2.8 | 0.579 |
| O’Sullivan (mg/dl) | 160.7(16.3) | 172.94(22.2) | NS | ||||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.48 (0.32) | 5.461 (0.59) | 2.2E-16 | 4.57(0.322) | 5.5(0.526) | 2.2E-16 | 4.55(0.4) | 4.96(0.6) | 0.036 |
| 2 h gGlucose (mmol/l) | 5.7(1.11) | 7.038 (0.98) | 3.9E-09 | 5.94(0.451) | 7.064(0.542) | 6.05E-06 | |||
| prepregnant BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 24.077 (5.01) | 26.27 (6.05) | 0.00503 | 23.004(3.215 | 24.84(4.446) | 0.0064 | 25.5(4.19) | 25.8(4.5) | 0.862 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 105.88(9.46) | 110.07(9.19) | 0.001 | 99.24(8.53) | 103.94(8.25) | 0.001 | 104.25(9.9) | 111.4(15.4) | 0.131 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 67.81(6.99) | 69.68(7.22) | 0.027 | 65.48(7.68) | 67.08(5.78) | 0.075 | 69.1(8.2) | 70.1(7.8) | 0.71 |
| HbA1C (%) | 5.037 (0.255) | 5.22(0.338) | 4.3E-05 | 5.19(0.313) | 5.4 (0.333) | 5.31E-05 | 5.1(0.28) | 5.3(0.37) | 0.151 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.55(1.12) | 1.936(0.922) | 0.0014 | 1.694(0.678) | 2.277(0.512) | 6.02E-06 | 1.6(0.7) | 2.1(1.2) | 0.147 |
| TAG (mmol/l) | 1.94 (0.721) | 1.969(0.68) | 0.82 | 1.997(0.583) | 2.08(0.681) | 0.42 | 2.2(0.6) | 2.2(0.5) | 0.829 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 6.51(1.093) | 6.016(1.05) | 0.0007 | 6.186(1.025) | 5.753(1.027) | 0.0084 | 7.04(1.2) | 6.7(1.3) | 0.446 |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.97 (0.412) | 1.835(0.408) | 0.0112 | 1.941(0.436) | 1.80(0.451) | 0.0467 | 2.1(0.47) | 2.01(0.4) | 0.424 |
| Smoking (Yes/No) | 71/45 | 28/45 | 0.046 | 2/95 | 1/67 | 1.21E-15 | 0/16 | 0/16 | 0.310 |
BMI: body mass index. SBP: systolic blood pressure. DBP: diastolic blood pressure. HDL: high density lipoprotein cholesterol. TAG: triacylglycerol. GDM: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus group. Non-GDM: non- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus group