Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Characteristics | DIACART (n = 157) |
ACCoDiab (n = 460) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | |||
| Age, y | 66.5 ± 8.4 | 60.1 ± 9.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Sex, % female (n) | 22.3 (35) | 45.2 (208) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes duration, y | 16.4 ± 9.5 | 14.0 ± 9.3 | 0.009 |
| Smoking (active or past), % (n) | 66 (103) | 43 (197) | < 0.0001 |
| Retinopathy, % (n) | 23 (36) | 27 (112) | 0.32 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.7 [25.3–32.4] | 28.4 [25.3–31.6] | 0.68 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 103 ± 14 | N.P | N.A |
| SBP, mmHg | 135 ± 17 | 130 ± 13 | < 0.0001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 77 ± 10 | 75 ± 12 | 0.051 |
| Insulin use, % (n) | 50 (78) | 43 (198) | 0.16 |
| Metformin use, % (n) | 78 (122) | 84 (387) | 0.14 |
| Sulfonylurea use, % (n) | 45 (71) | 48 (219) | 0.73 |
| GLP-1 agonist use, % (n) | 7 (11) | 13 (61) | 0.03 |
| Statin use, % (n) | 89 (139) | 59 (271) | < 0.0001 |
| Ezetimibe use, % (n) | 15 (23) | 4 (19) | 0.0004 |
| Antiplatelet use, % (n) | 82 (128) | 21 (96) | < 0.0001 |
| ARB or ACE inhibitors use, % (n) | 78 (123) | 60 (278) | < 0.0001 |
| Beta-blocker use, % (n) | 63 (99) | 10 (48) | < 0.0001 |
| Routine biological characteristics | |||
| Fasting glycemia, mmol/L | 9.06 ± 3.18 | 8.27 ± 2.72 | 0.003 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.65 [6.90–8.30] | 7.50 [6.80–8.30] | 0.28 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 73 ± 19 | 88 ± 26 | < 0.0001 |
| Albuminuria, mg/g creat | 2.3 [0.9–11.7] | 1.6 [0.7–4.8] | 0.007 |
| TyG index | 9.2 ± 0.7 | 9.1 ± 0.7 | 0.04 |
| Triglyceridemia, mmol/L | 1.66 [1.13–2.41] | 1.38 [1.01–2.05] | 0.004 |
| Total cholesterolemia, mmol/L | 3.92 [3.37–4.41] | 4.40 [3.80–5.07] | < 0.0001 |
| LDL-cholesterolemia, mmol/L | 1.98 [1.60–2.42] | 2.38 [1.87–2.92] | < 0.0001 |
| HDL-cholesterolemia, mmol/L | 1.06 [0.88–1.27] | 1.16 [0.96–1.45] | 0.001 |
| AST, IU/L | 25 [22–31] | 25 [21–30] | 0.84 |
| ALT, IU/L | 25 [18–32] | 24 [19–33] | 0.99 |
| GGT, IU/L | 33 [24–50] | 31 [22–49] | 0.54 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.24 [0.66–3.03] | 1.74 [0.98–3.48] | 0.039 |
| Coronary artery calcification | |||
| CACS | 1035 ± 1039 | 30 [0–211] | < 0.0001 |
| 0–10, % (n) | 9.6 (15) | 42.0 (193) | < 0.0001 |
| > 10—100, % (n) | 8.3 (13) | 22.4 (103) | < 0.0001 |
| > 100—400, % (n) | 20.4 (32) | 18.9 (87) | 0.75 |
| > 400, % (n) | 61.8 (97) | 16.7 (77) | < 0.0001 |
| FibroMax® panels | |||
| FibroTest® score | 0.372 ± 0.212 | N.P | N.A |
| F0, % (n) | 40.8 (64) | 64.3 (296) | < 0.0001 |
| F1, % (n) | 26.8 (42) | 20.0 (92) | 0.12 |
| F2, % (n) | 14.0 (22) | 6.1 (28) | 0.012 |
| F3-F4, % (n) | 18.5 (29) | 9.5 (44) | 0.014 |
| SteatoTest® score | 0.539 ± 0.208 | N.P | N.A |
| S0, % (n) | 25.2 (39) | 25.0 (109) | 1.00 |
| S1, % (n) | 28.4 (44) | 29.1 (127) | 0.99 |
| S2, % (n) | 18.7 (29) | 19.3 (84) | 0.99 |
| S3, % (n) | 27.7 (43) | 26.6 (116) | 0.95 |
| NashTest® score | 0.50 [0.25–0.50] | N.P | N.A |
| N0, % (n) | 32.7 (51) | 32.5 (141) | 0.68 |
| N1, % (n) | 51.9 (81) | 50.5 (219) | 0.44 |
| N2, % (n) | 15.4 (24) | 17.1 (74) | 0.96 |
| ActiTest® score | 0.12 [0.08–0.18] | N.P | N.A |
| A0, % (n) | 90.4 (142) | 87.8 (403) | 0.41 |
| A1, % (n) | 5.7 (9) | 10.5 (48) | 0.07 |
| A2-A3, % (n) | 3.8 (6) | 1.7 (8) | 0.31 |
Data are presented as the mean ± SD (for normally-distributed continuous variables) or median [1st-3rd quartiles] (for skewed continuous variables) or percentage (n), as appropriate
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ALT alanine aminotransferase, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BMI body mass index, CACS coronary artery calcium score, CRP C-reactive protein, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GGT gamma glutamyltransferase, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, HDL high-density lipoprotein, IU international unit, LDL low-density lipoprotein, N.A. not applicable, N.P. not performed, SBP systolic blood pressure, TyG index triglyceride-glucose index