Table 5.
Comparison between baseline characteristics of MILR in cirrhotic patients with and without portal hypertension
| Entire unmatched cohort | 1:1 PSM (nearest neighbour matching) | 1:1 CEM | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| All (N = 1283) | Cirrhosis PHT (N = 310) | Cirrhosis NPHT (N = 973) | P-value | Cirrhosis PHT (N = 227) | Cirrhosis NPHT (N = 227) | P-value | Cirrhosis PHT (N = 116) | Cirrhosis NPHT (N = 116) | P-value (paired) | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Mean age (SD), yrs | 63.00 [55.00, 71.00] | 64.15 [56.25, 71.00] | 63.00 [54.00, 71.00] | 0.836 | 63.00 [55.50, 71.00] | 63.00 [55.00, 70.60] | 0.658 | 63.62 [56.00, 69.62] | 63.00 [55.00, 70.00] | 0.432 |
|
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| Male sex, n (%) | 960 (74.8) | 218 (70.3) | 742 (76.3) | 0.043 | 168 (74.0) | 174 (76.7) | 0.566 | 93 (80.2) | 93 (80.2) | NA |
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| Robotic, n (%) | 138 (10.8) | 35 (11.3) | 103 (10.6) | 59 (26.0) | 53 (23.3) | 23 (19.8) | 23 (19.8) | |||
| Laparoscopic, n (%) | 1145 (89.2) | 275 (88.7) | 870 (89.4) | 0.808 | 199 (87.7) | 201 (88.5) | 0.885 | 113 (97.4) | 113 (97.4) | NA |
|
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| Previous abdominal surgery, n (%) | 210 (16.9) | 63 (20.3) | 147 (15.8) | 0.079 | 46 (20.3) | 54 (23.8) | 0.403 | 13 (11.2) | 13 (11.2) | NA |
|
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| Childs A, n (%) | 1144 (89.3) | 253 (81.6) | 891 (91.8) | 193 (85.0) | 190 (83.7) | 111 (95.7) | 111 (95.7) | |||
| Childs B, n (%) | 137 (10.7) | 57 (18.4) | 80 (8.2) | <0.001 | 34 (15.0) | 37 (16.3) | 0.755 | 5 (4.3) | 5 (4.3) | NA |
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| Year of surgery, n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2004–2009 | 19 (1.5) | 5 (1.6) | 14 (1.4) | 3 (1.3) | 3 (1.3) | |||||
| 2010–2015 | 304 (23.7) | 68 (21.9) | 236 (24.3) | 44 (19.4) | 46 (20.3) | 13 (11.2) | 13 (11.2) | |||
| 2016–2021 | 960 (74.8) | 237 (76.5) | 723 (74.3) | 0.668 | 180 (79.3) | 178 (78.4) | 0.750 | 103 (88.8) | 103 (88.8) | NA |
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| ||||||||||
| ASA score, n (%) | ||||||||||
| 1/2 | 884 (68.9) | 187 (60.3) | 697 (71.6) | 152 (67.0) | 143 (63.0) | 79 (68.1) | 79 (68.1) | |||
| 3/4 | 399 (31.1) | 123 (39.7) | 276 (28.4) | <0.001 | 75 (33.0) | 84 (37.0) | 0.391 | 37 (31.9) | 37 (31.9) | NA |
|
| ||||||||||
| Tumor type, n (%) | ||||||||||
| HCC | 1222 (95.2) | 300 (96.8) | 922 (94.8) | 221 (97.4) | 220 (96.9) | 116 (100.0) | 116 (100.0) | |||
| ICC/cholangiohepatoma | 61 (4.8) | 10 (3.2) | 51 (5.2) | 0.194 | 6 (2.6) | 7 (3.1) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
|
| ||||||||||
| Median tumor size, mm (IQR) | 25.00 [19.00, 40.00] | 26.00 [20.00, 40.00] | 25.00 [18.00, 40.00] | 0.664 | 26.00 [20.00, 40.00] | 26.00 [20.00, 35.00] | 0.940 | 25.00 [20.00, 32.00] | 25.00 [20.00, 31.25] | 0.802 |
|
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| Multiple tumors, n (%) | 124 (9.7) | 28 (9.0) | 96 (9.9) | 0.747 | 17 (7.5) | 18 (7.9) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
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| ||||||||||
| Wedge/partial liver resection, n (%) | 790 (61.6) | 194 (62.6) | 596 (61.3) | 140 (61.7) | 138 (60.8) | 82 (70.7) | 82 (70.7) | |||
| Segmentectomy, n (%) | 493 (38.4) | 116 (37.4) | 377 (38.7) | 0.725 | 87 (38.3) | 89 (39.2) | 0.918 | 34 (29.3) | 34 (29.3) | NA |
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| Concomitant minor surgery excluding cholecystectomy, n (%) | 49 (3.8) | 10 (3.2) | 39 (4.0) | 0.649 | 9 (4.0) | 9 (4.0) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
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| Hilar lymph node dissection, n (%) | 11 (0.9) | 2 (0.6) | 9 (0.9) | 1.000 | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
|
| ||||||||||
| Median Iwate difficulty score, [IQR] (range) | 6.00 [5.00, 8.00] (4, 11) | 6.00 [5.00, 9.00] (4, 11) | 6.00 [5.00, 8.00] (4, 11) | 0.904 | 6.00 [5.00, 9.00] (4, 11) | 6.00 [5.00, 9.00] (4, 11) | 0.990 | 6.00 [5.00, 8.00] (4, 10) | 6.00 [5.00, 8.00] (4, 10) | NA |
|
| ||||||||||
| Iwate difficulty, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Low | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Intermediate | 724 (56.4) | 166 (53.5) | 558 (57.3) | 121 (53.3) | 121 (53.3) | 79 (68.1) | 79 (68.1) | |||
| High | 466 (36.3) | 116 (37.4) | 350 (36.0) | 87 (38.3) | 85 (37.4) | 36 (31.0) | 36 (31.0) | |||
| Expert | 92 (7.2) | 28 (9.0) | 64 (6.6) | 0.385 | 19 (8.4) | 21 (9.3) | 0.161 | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | NA |
Footnotes:
MILR indicates minimally invasive liver resection; PSM, propensity score matching; CEM, coarsened exact matching; SD, standard deviation; PHY, portal hypertension; NPHT no portal hypertension NA, not available; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; HCC hepatocellular carcinoma; ICC intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; IQR, interquartile range