Table 7. Mean cost to a single patient per adverse drug reaction (ADR) admission in 2007 naira.

Direct medical and non-medical costs to patients	Moderate (n = 5)	Severe (n = 7)	P-value
Direct non- medical costs*	₦ 5,400.00 ± ₦ 315.00	₦ 42,308.00 ± ₦ 8,921.00	< 0.001
Private hospital visit cost†	₦ 2,240.00 ± ₦ 140.00	₦ 38,450.00 ± ₦ 7,720.00	< 0.001
Medical costs during admission at LASUTH‡	₦ 3,448.00 ± ₦ 216.00	₦ 46,890.00 ± ₦ 9,120.00	< 0.001
Follow-up visit costs§	₦ 6,315.00 ± ₦ 422.00	₦ 16,225.00 ± ₦ 3,115.00	< 0.001
Total direct costs	₦ 17,403.00 ± ₦ 1,093.00 (USD 147.48 ± 9.26)	₦ 143,873.00 ± ₦ 28,816.00 (USD 1,217.26 ± 244.20)	< 0.001
Indirect medical costs||	₦ 3,843.00 ± ₦ 693.00 (USD 32.57 ± 5 .87)	₦ 18,840,00 ± ₦ 3,606.00 (USD 159.66 ± 30.56)	< 0.001
Total cost of an ADR to parents	₦ 21,246.00 ± ₦ 1,786.00 (USD 180.05 ± 15 .13)	₦ 162,713.00 ± ₦ 32,422.00 (USD 1, 376.92 ± 5274.76)	< 0.001
Estimated annual income	₦ 210,825.00 ± ₦ 15,225.70 (USD 1,786.65 ± 129.03)	₦ 186,608.00 ± ₦ 32,318.44 (USD 1,581.42 ± 273.88)	0.693
% of annual income	10.08%	87.20%	< 0.001

n = number of patients with ADRs. ₦ = 2007 naira (Nigerian currency). USD = United States dollar.

^*the sum of all transportation, food and hotel expenses incurred during hospital admission for ADRs;

^†expenses incurred on medications, investigations and procedures during initial visit to a private hospital;

^‡expenses incurred on medications, investigations and procedures during admission at LASUTH;

^§expenses incurred on medications, investigations and procedures during follow up visits to LASUTH or a private hospital;

^||lost by each parent, caused by nursing a child with an ADR.