Fig. 3. l-carnitine supplementation enhances the duration of developmental pausing in vitro.
a, Differentially enriched metabolites detected by LC–MS/MS (P < 0.05 and absolute log2FC >0.75) in paused (7 days) versus normal ESCs. Mean-centred data of three biological replicates are shown. b, Expression levels of differentially expressed FAO and glycolysis-related proteins in ESCs. Mean-centred protein expression of three biological replicates is shown. c, Schematic overview of fatty acid uptake, synthesis and oxidation, in which processes are indicated in green and respective genes in black. d, Increased CPT1 protein expression during mTORi in ESCs, but not TSCs. e, Embryo survival curves in the shown conditions. n = number of embryos. Statistical test is the G-rho family test of Harrington and Fleming. f, Bright field images of mTORi-only and carnitine-supplemented embryos. Scale bar, 50 µm.