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. 2023 Jul 10;309(3):755–764. doi: 10.1007/s00404-023-07126-1

Table 1.

Classification proposed by Bettocchi in 2016 that recognizes four types of cervical stenosis depending on the structure or structures affected (ECO, cervical canal, ICO) [3]

Type Structure affected
I ECO stenosis
II Cervical canal and ICO stenosis
III ICO stenosis
IV ECO and ICO stenosis

ECO external cervical os, ICO internal cervical os