Table 4.
Crispness of dumpling shells and firmness of dumpling stuffing measured by texture analyzer TA.XTPlusC measured
| Cooking method | WBC | JBC | GH | SGH | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev | ||
| Crispness | |||||||||
| Microwaving | Area (g.sec) | 1073.6 | 203.2 | 2909.8 | 714.3 | 709.8 | 228.3 | 1661.2 | 379.8 |
| Count peak (g.sec) | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 1.4 | |
| Linear distance (g) | 999.8 | 196.3 | 1982.5 | 620.2 | 925.2 | 242.6 | 1335.3 | 591.6 | |
| Mean (g) | 151.1 | 23.5 | 509.7 | 132.0 | 123.0 | 34.4 | 262.2 | 111.8 | |
| Steaming | Area (g.sec) | 1331.1 | 350.0 | 2921.9 | 830.8 | 1217.7 | 511.7 | 3590.1 | 591.8 |
| Count peak (g.sec) | 4.7 | 4.0 | 15.6 | 19.9 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 1.1 | |
| Linear distance (g) | 1300.4 | 420.5 | 2695.6 | 507.8 | 1412.7 | 255.7 | 1933.8 | 259.7 | |
| Mean (g) | 155.3 | 69.9 | 256.7 | 232.2 | 181.7 | 91.9 | 609.1 | 124.7 | |
| Air-frying | Area (g.sec) | 4530.5 | 1306.4 | 4610.7 | 1277.9 | 2300.5 | 483.4 | 3795.4 | 1040.8 |
| Count peak (g.sec) | 25.4 | 13.6 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 21.3 | 10.8 | 9.6 | 8.6 | |
| Linear distance (g) | 5183.8 | 2252.7 | 4449.8 | 1908.6 | 3492.6 | 1181.0 | 3398.6 | 1319.8 | |
| Mean (g) | 558.3 | 204.6 | 682.5 | 318.5 | 279.8 | 159.7 | 529.9 | 296.7 | |
| Pan-frying | Area (g.sec) | 3583.1 | 587.1 | 3649.3 | 674.0 | 2762.3 | 731.8 | 3091.1 | 684.0 |
| Count peak (g.sec) | 8.4 | 3.4 | 7.8 | 3.2 | 20.8 | 7.2 | 10.9 | 7.1 | |
| Linear distance (g) | 2989.6 | 915.6 | 3169.9 | 1057.1 | 4218.2 | 2082.3 | 2798.8 | 624.1 | |
| Mean (g) | 437.4 | 135.9 | 619.9 | 197.6 | 304.4 | 200.8 | 335.3 | 213.8 | |
| Firmness | |||||||||
| Microwaving | Area (g.sec) | 2864.9 | 700.1 | 4052.7 | 863.3 | 4288.0 | 1016.4 | 3051.1 | 799.1 |
| Mean (g) | 594.9 | 112.2 | 837.6 | 144.6 | 856.1 | 202.6 | 648.1 | 170.2 | |
| Gradient (g.sec) | 237.9 | 27.5 | 322.9 | 48.2 | 310.1 | 84.7 | 282.1 | 38.8 | |
| Peak force (g) | 1135.4 | 129.5 | 1560.3 | 255.0 | 1559.0 | 424.9 | 1335.2 | 168.5 | |
| Steaming | Area (g.sec) | 2124.2 | 992.9 | 3602.2 | 580.5 | 4090.6 | 674.1 | 3641.7 | 1027.8 |
| Mean (g) | 431.5 | 197.7 | 753.1 | 59.7 | 937.2 | 135.1 | 788.9 | 215.4 | |
| Gradient (g.sec) | 183.2 | 49.7 | 316.3 | 31.7 | 310.1 | 32.9 | 360.5 | 61.9 | |
| Peak force (g) | 904.9 | 245.2 | 1505.5 | 169.6 | 1557.9 | 163.7 | 1660.5 | 234.6 | |
| Air-frying | Area (g.sec) | 3646.0 | 573.9 | 3745.1 | 760.9 | 4091.5 | 1188.3 | 4386.4 | 732.9 |
| Mean (g) | 739.3 | 94.2 | 749.3 | 150.8 | 818.2 | 237.5 | 919.6 | 113.6 | |
| Gradient (g.sec) | 265.4 | 34.9 | 287.8 | 47.0 | 324.6 | 21.6 | 430.2 | 50.6 | |
| Peak force (g) | 1312.4 | 203.3 | 1444.2 | 236.9 | 1628.8 | 107.5 | 2043.1 | 224.7 | |
| Pan-frying | Area (g.sec) | 3990.1 | 1955.3 | 4186.0 | 407.6 | 3669.5 | 819.4 | 4224.7 | 835.6 |
| Mean (g) | 694.5 | 190.5 | 854.1 | 92.7 | 930.2 | 480.2 | 905.9 | 149.8 | |
| Gradient (g.sec) | 260.4 | 77.2 | 323.3 | 26.1 | 431.4 | 181.4 | 361.6 | 48.3 | |
| Peak force (g) | 1482.1 | 743.3 | 1591.8 | 131.7 | 2585.7 | 1668.1 | 1682.7 | 217.0 | |
Crispness value was measured with Blade Set probe
Firmness value was measured with Mini Ottawa cell probe