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. 2024 Feb 1;37:100785. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100785

Table 2.

Epigenetic components of AF pathogenesis, identified by technological advance and by geography of ancestry.

Technological advance European descent (targets) African descent (targets) Asian descent (targets) Other descents (targets)
Epigenetics
Epigenome Wide Association Study (EWAS) CUX254; PITX255; EYS,56 LINC01683.56
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) αSMA57; PITX258 MYOZ116; PITX121; UBE4B21; CASZ121; CASQ221; GJA521; NUCKS121; KIF3C21; XP0121; REEP121; KDM3A21;
WIPF121; CHRNA21; SPATS2L21; LRIG121; PHLDB221; GNB421; WDR121; SLC9B121; CAMK2D21; ARHGAP1021;
ARHGAP2621; NR3C121;
NKX2–521; ATXN121; KDM1B21; CDKN1A21; UST21;
DGKB21; CREB521; GTF2I21; COG521; KCNH221; XP0721;
FBX03221; PTK221; SLC24A221; MLLT321; ZNF46221;
PSMB721; REEP321; NAV221; SSPN21; PKP221; NACA21; BEST321;
KRR121; PHLDA121;
TBX5-AS1,21 TBX3 intergenic21; DNAH1021; MYH721; AKAP621; SNX621; CFL221; LRRC 7421; IRF2BPL21;
USP321; TLE321; UACA21; IGF1R21; POLR2A21; TNFSF1 221; MYOCD21; MAPT21; KCNJ221; CASC1721; SMAD721; CASC2021; BMP221; TUBA821 		KCNQ111; CAV123,30; PITX219, 20, 21, 22, 23; PRRX123; SH3PXD2A21; UBE4B21; ZFHX323; CASZ121; CASQ221; GJA521;
NUCKS1 (21; KIF3C21; XP0121; REEP121; DM3A21; WIPF121; CHRNA21; SPATS2L21; LRIG121; PHLDB221; GNB421; WDR121; SLC9B121; CAMK2D21; ARHGAP1021; ARHGAP2621; NR3C121; NKX2–521; ATXN121;
KDM1B21; CDKN1A21;
UST21; DGKB21; CREB521; GTF2I21; COG521;
KCNH221; XP0721; FBX03221; PTK221; SLC24A221; MLLT321; ZNF462; PSMB721 REEP321; NAV221; SSPN21; PKP221; NACA21; BEST3 (21; KRR121; PHLDA121; TBX5-AS121; TBX3 intergenic21; DNAH1021; MYH721; AKAP621; SNX621; CFL221; LRRC 7421; IRF2BPL21; USP321 TLE3 2221; UACA21; IGF1R21; POLR2A21; TNFSF1 221; MYOCD21; MAPT21
KCNJ221; CASC1721;
SMAD721; CASC2021; BMP221; TUBA821 		PITX231; DTNA32; UBE4B21;
CASZ121; CASQ221; GJA521; NUCKS121; KIF3C21; XP0121;
REEP121; KDM3A21; WIPF121; CHRNA21; SPATS2L21; LRIG121; PHLDB221; GNB421;
WDR121; SLC9B121; CAMK2D21; ARHGAP1021; ARHGAP2621; NR3C121; NKX2–521; ATXN121; KDM1B21; CDKN1A21; UST21; DGKB21; CREB5;
GTF2I21; COG521; KCNH221;
XP0721; FBX032;21
PTK221; SLC24A2,21 MLLT321; ZNF46221; PSMB721;
REEP321; NAV221; SSPN21
PKP221; NACA21; BEST321; KRR121; PHLDA121; TBX5-AS121; TBX3 intergenic21; DNAH1021; MYH721;
AKAP621; SNX621; CFL221;
LRRC 7421; IRF2BPL21;
USP321; TLE321; UACA21; IGF1R21; POLR2A21; TNFSF1 221; MYOCD21; MAPT21; KCNJ221; CASC1721; SMAD721;
CASC2021,21; TUBA821
Integrated omics approaches
ChIP-Seq, transcriptomics NKX2-559; TBX359; ZFHX359; SYNPO2L59; MYH759 NPRA60; KIF1561
ChIP-Seq, mass spectrometry ATP5L62; CES1D62; MYL762; NDUFA1262; NDUFA862; NDUFS762; PDHA162; TNNI362; UQCR1062
GWAS, CHiP-Seq, ATAC-Seq, transcriptomics NKX2.563
GWAS, ChIP-Seq, transcriptomics, mass spectrometry NKX2.5, TNNT2, CYB5R3, NDUFB3, HIBADH NDUFA9, DLAT, PPIF, MYL4, CKM, NKX2-5, MYL764; PGAM264; TNNC164; CYC164; ETFB64; PRDX564; AK164; ALDOA64; TCAP64; TOM1L264 UBADC1,65 Quinic acid,65Diosmetin,65 IGK,65 alpha-Ergocryptine,65 Fludrocortisone acetate,65 2,6-Di-tert-butylbenzoquinone,65 NBL1,65 NPC2,65 SNCA65
GWAS, EWAS, transcriptomics ADORA166; ATP1A366; ATP1B266; CACNA1D66; KCNQ466; NR3C266; THRA66
ATAC-Seq, transcriptomics BMP1035; SMYD235; PITX235; MYOT, TBX535; GJA135; CAV135; HCN435; SPATS2L35; PLN35; KCNH267
ATAC-Seq, Cut&Run, transcriptomics TBX5-p.G125R variant68
Network/artificial intelligence
CNN GWAS PITX269; SCN5A70; TTN70 PITX269 PITX269