Table 3.
Blood pressure outcomes among people with hypertension in Thailand.
| Age group, years | Men |
Women |
p-value | Sex-adjusted |
p-value | Overall | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20–44 | 45–64 | ≥65 | 20–44 | 45–64 | ≥65 | 20–44 | 45–64 | ≥65 | ||||
| Study participants, N | 693 | 6112 | 7275 | 960 | 10,390 | 11,127 | 1653 | 16,502 | 18,402 | 36,557 | ||
| Number of blood pressure measurement within 12 months | 0.57 | 0.02 | ||||||||||
| 0 | 2 (0.3%) | 17 (0.3%) | 16 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (0.2%) | 30 (0.3%) | 2 (0.1%) | 32 (0.2%) | 46 (0.3%) | 80 (0.2%) | ||
| 1 | 11 (1.3%) | 69 (1.3%) | 66 (1.0%) | 5 (0.4%) | 106 (1.2%) | 120 (1.0%) | 16 (0.7%) | 175 (1.1%) | 186 (1.0%) | 377 (1.1%) | ||
| 2 | 41 (5.8%) | 277 (4.4%) | 271 (3.8%) | 51 (5.5%) | 475 (4.6%) | 459 (4.1%) | 92 (5.6%) | 752 (4.5%) | 730 (4.0%) | 1574 (4.3%) | ||
| 3 | 639 (92.6%) | 5749 (94.0%) | 6922 (95.0%) | 904 (94.2%) | 9794 (94.3%) | 10,518 (94.5%) | 1543 (93.6%) | 15,543 (94.2%) | 17,440 (94.7%) | 34,526 (94.4%) | ||
| Interval between latest BP and before latest BP measurement, days | 0.62 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| <30 | 74 (11.5%) | 514 (8.9%) | 700 (9.9%) | 97 (10.7%) | 916 (9.2%) | 1006 (9.9%) | 171 (11.0%) | 1430 (9.1%) | 1706 (9.9%) | 3307 (9.6%) | ||
| 30–59 | 129 (20.0%) | 1196 (20.3%) | 1597 (23.1%) | 201 (21.9%) | 2026 (20.5%) | 2360 (22.3%) | 330 (21.2%) | 3222 (20.4%) | 3957 (22.6%) | 7509 (21.5%) | ||
| 60–89 | 236 (34.7%) | 2271 (38.1%) | 2679 (36.7%) | 351 (35.6%) | 3837 (36.7%) | 4124 (36.8%) | 587 (35.2%) | 6108 (37.2%) | 6803 (36.8%) | 13,498 (36.9) | ||
| >90 | 241 (33.8%) | 2045 (33.8%) | 2217 (30.3%) | 306 (31.8%) | 3490 (33.6%) | 3487 (31.1%) | 547 (32.6%) | 5535 (33.3%) | 5704 (30.7%) | 11,786 (32.0%) | ||
| Mean (95% CI) | 77.6 (74.4–80.8) | 78.5 (77.5–79.5) | 76.6 (75.6–77.5) | 76.6 (74.1–79.2) | 79.4 (78.6–80.3) | 77.6 (76.9–78.4) | 77 (75.0–79.0) | 79.1 (78.4–79.7) | 77.2 (76.6–77.8) | 78.1 (77.6–78.5) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (latest visit), mmHg | 0.01 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| <120 | 59 (8.0%) | 660 (10.6%) | 900 (12.3%) | 112 (12.2%) | 1328 (12.7%) | 1373 (12.2%) | 171 (10.6%) | 1988 (11.9%) | 2273 (12.3%) | 4432 (12.0%) | ||
| 120–129 | 179 (25.6%) | 1360 (22.0%) | 1512 (20.7%) | 231 (22.7%) | 2324 (22.1%) | 2110 (18.9%) | 410 (23.8%) | 3684 (22.1%) | 3622 (19.6%) | 7716 (20.9%) | ||
| 130–139 | 280 (41.1%) | 2343 (38.9%) | 2567 (35.2%) | 365 (39.5%) | 3903 (37.4%) | 3973 (35.6%) | 645 (40.1%) | 6246 (38.0%) | 6540 (35.4%) | 13,431 (36.8%) | ||
| 140–159 | 150 (22.2%) | 1505 (24.7%) | 1849 (25.5%) | 207 (21.0%) | 2381 (23.6%) | 2921 (26.6%) | 357 (21.4%) | 3886 (24.0%) | 4770 (26.2%) | 9013 (25.0%) | ||
| 160–179 | 20 (2.6%) | 202 (3.3%) | 381 (5.6%) | 36 (3.9%) | 386 (3.7%) | 602 (5.6%) | 56 (3.4%) | 588 (3.6%) | 983 (5.6%) | 1627 (4.6%) | ||
| ≥180 | 3 (0.5%) | 25 (0.5%) | 50 (0.8%) | 9 (0.8%) | 53 (0.6%) | 118 (1.2%) | 12 (0.7%) | 78 (0.5%) | 168 (1.0%) | 258 (0.8%) | ||
| Mean (95% CI) | 133.7 (132.7–134.7) | 133.8 (133.4–134.2) | 134.3 (133.9–134.7) | 133.3 (132.3–134.2) | 133.3 (133.0–133.6) | 135.1 (134.7–135.4) | 133.4 (132.7–134.1) | 133.5 (133.2–133.7) | 134.8 (134.5–135.0) | 134.1 (133.9–134.3) | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure (latest visit), mmHg | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| <80 | 214 (30.1%) | 2622 (42.7%) | 4847 (66.6%) | 295 (31.5%) | 5558 (53.7%) | 7825 (70.6%) | 509 (30.9%) | 8180 (49.4%) | 12,672 (69.1%) | 21,361 (58.5%) | ||
| 80–84 | 160 (23.5%) | 1593 (26.0%) | 1379 (19.1%) | 286 (30.4%) | 2450 (23.4%) | 1941 (17.3%) | 446 (27.8%) | 4043 (24.4%) | 3320 (18.0%) | 7809 (21.3%) | ||
| 85–89 | 125 (19.0%) | 888 (14.9%) | 462 (6.4%) | 156 (15.7%) | 1205 (11.7%) | 619 (5.7%) | 281 (17.0%) | 2093 (13.0%) | 1081 (5.9%) | 3455 (9.6%) | ||
| 90–99 | 150 (21.2%) | 856 (14.1%) | 492 (6.7%) | 176 (17.3%) | 1008 (9.7%) | 635 (5.7%) | 326 (18.8%) | 1864 (11.4%) | 1127 (6.1%) | 3317 (9.1%) | ||
| 100–109 | 35 (5.1%) | 118 (2.0%) | 63 (0.9%) | 38 (4.0%) | 123 (1.2%) | 67 (0.6%) | 73 (4.4%) | 241 (1.5%) | 130 (0.7%) | 444 (1.3%) | ||
| ≥110 | 7 (1.1%) | 18 (0.3%) | 16 (0.3%) | 9 (1.1%) | 31 (0.3%) | 10 (0.1%) | 16 (1.1%) | 49 (0.3%) | 26 (0.2%) | 91 (0.3%) | ||
| Mean (95% CI) | 83.6 (82.8–84.5) | 79.9 (79.6–80.2) | 73.9 (73.7–74.2) | 82.3 (81.6–83.1) | 77.4 (77.2–77.7) | 72.5 (72.3–72.8) | 82.8 (82.3–83.4) | 78.4 (78.2–78.6) | 73.1 (72.9–73.2) | 75.9 (75.8–76.0) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (1 time before latest visit), mmHg | 0.49 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| <120 | 67 (9.9%) | 686 (11.1%) | 877 (12.0%) | 93 (9.6%) | 1263 (12.2%) | 1257 (11.5%) | 160 (9.7%) | 1949 (11.8%) | 2134 (11.7%) | 4243 (11.7%) | ||
| 120–129 | 172 (24.0%) | 1283 (20.9%) | 1353 (19.1%) | 212 (21.5%) | 2228 (21.6%) | 2128 (19.1%) | 384 (22.5%) | 3511 (21.3%) | 3481 (19.1%) | 7376 (20.3%) | ||
| 130–139 | 243 (36.5%) | 2210 (36.8%) | 2513 (34.9%) | 366 (38.3%) | 3754 (36.2%) | 3807 (34.2%) | 609 (37.6%) | 5964 (36.4%) | 6320 (34.5%) | 12,893 (35.5%) | ||
| 140–159 | 170 (25.6%) | 1560 (26.5%) | 1952 (26.9%) | 235 (25.0%) | 2537 (25.3%) | 2964 (27.2%) | 405 (25.2%) | 4097 (25.8%) | 4916 (27.1%) | 9418 (26.4%) | ||
| 160–179 | 24 (3.5%) | 242 (3.9%) | 414 (5.9%) | 40 (4.9%) | 416 (4.1%) | 690 (6.7%) | 64 (4.3%) | 658 (4.0%) | 1104 (6.4%) | 1826 (5.2%) | ||
| ≥180 | 4 (0.6%) | 45 (0.8%) | 84 (1.3%) | 9 (0.8%) | 71 (0.7%) | 131 (1.3%) | 13 (0.7%) | 116 (0.7%) | 215 (1.3%) | 344 (1.0%) | ||
| Mean (95% CI) | 133.9 (132.8–135.0) | 134.3 (133.9–134.7) | 135.3 (134.9–135.7) | 134.7 (133.6–135.7) | 133.8 (133.5–134.1) | 135.6 (135.2–135.9) | 134.4 (133.6–135.1) | 134 (133.8–134.3) | 135.5 (135.2–135.7) | 134.8 (134.6–134.9) | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure (1 time before latest visit), mmHg | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| <80 | 206 (30.1%) | 2494 (41.6%) | 4557 (63.4%) | 281 (28.7%) | 5282 (52.0%) | 7651 (69.7%) | 487 (29.3%) | 7776 (48.0%) | 12,208 (67.4%) | 20,471 (56.9) | ||
| 80–84 | 167 (24.1%) | 1642 (27.1%) | 1470 (20.1%) | 267 (26.9%) | 2503 (24.1%) | 1933 (17.6%) | 434 (25.8%) | 4145 (25.2%) | 3403 (18.5%) | 7982 (21.9) | ||
| 85–89 | 122 (17.6%) | 850 (14.2%) | 542 (7.5%) | 162 (16.9%) | 1224 (11.7%) | 617 (5.7%) | 284 (17.2%) | 2074 (12.6%) | 1159 (6.4%) | 3517 (9.7) | ||
| 90–99 | 149 (21.9%) | 866 (14.3%) | 520 (7.4%) | 191 (21.7%) | 1079 (10.6%) | 680 (6.2%) | 340 (21.8%) | 1945 (12.0%) | 1200 (6.7%) | 3485 (9.7) | ||
| 100–109 | 28 (4.8%) | 142 (2.4%) | 80 (1.1%) | 41 (4.4%) | 154 (1.5%) | 79 (0.7%) | 69 (4.6%) | 296 (1.9%) | 159 (0.9%) | 524 (1.5%) | ||
| ≥110 | 8 (1.5%) | 32 (0.5%) | 24 (0.4%) | 13 (1.4%) | 27 (0.1%) | 17 (0.2%) | 21 (1.4%) | 59 (0.3%) | 41 (0.2%) | 121 (0.3%) | ||
| Mean (95% CI) | 83.7 (82.7–84.6) | 80.2 (79.9–80.4) | 74.5 (74.3–74.8) | 83.5 (82.8–84.3) | 77.8 (77.6–78.0) | 72.9 (72.7–73.2) | 83.6 (83.0–84.1) | 78.7 (78.5–78.9) | 73.6 (73.4–73.7) | 76.3 (76.2–76.4) | ||
| Control blood pressurea | ||||||||||||
| Latest visit | 440 (63.6%) | 4025 (65.7%) | 4842 (66.3%) | 630 (66.3%) | 7240 (69.2%) | 7298 (65.2%) | 0.04 | 1070 (65.3%) | 11,265 (67.9%) | 12,140 (65.6%) | 0.0002 | 24,475 (66.6%) |
| One time before latest visit | 416 (59.9%) | 3846 (63.4%) | 4594 (63.7%) | 590 (60.5%) | 6896 (66.5%) | 7001 (63.2%) | 0.04 | 1006 (60.3%) | 10,742 (65.3%) | 11,595 (63.4%) | <0.0001 | 23,343 (64.1%) |
| Both latest two visits | 314 (44.6%) | 2958 (48.8%) | 3519 (48.7%) | 454 (47.2%) | 5436 (52.3%) | 5311 (47.9%) | 0.03 | 768 (46.2%) | 8394 (50.9%) | 8830 (48.2%) | <0.0001 | 17,992 (49.4%) |
| Hypertensive crisisb | ||||||||||||
| Latest visit | 9 (1.4%) | 36 (0.7%) | 59 (0.9%) | 16 (1.7%) | 68 (0.7%) | 124 (1.2%) | 0.18 | 25 (1.6%) | 104 (0.7%) | 183 (1.1%) | 0.0002 | 312 (0.9%) |
| One time before latest visit | 11 (1.9%) | 63 (1.0%) | 91 (1.4%) | 20 (2.1%) | 85 (0.8%) | 139 (1.3%) | 0.23 | 31 (2.0%) | 148 (0.9%) | 230 (1.3%) | <0.0001 | 409 (1.2%) |
| Both latest two visits | 1 (0.2%) | 7 (0.1%) | 10 (0.2%) | 4 (0.3%) | 14 (0.2%) | 24 (0.3%) | 0.43 | 5 (0.3%) | 21 (0.2%) | 34 (0.2%) | 0.33 | 60 (0.2%) |
a
Systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg and Diastolic blood pressure <90 mmHg.
b
Systolic blood pressure 180 mmHg or Diastolic blood pressure 110 mmHg