Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and PWV of PA with and without albuminuria.
| Demographic and clinical parameters | Original data | Propensity score matching* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With albuminuria (N = 243) | Without albuminuria (N = 597) | p Value | With albuminuria (N = 202) | Without albuminuria (N = 202) | p Value | |
| Sex (Male), n (%) | 118 (49) | 259 (43) | 0.171 | 91 (45) | 91 (45) | 1.000 |
| Age, years | 55 ± 13 | 54 ± 12 | 0.512 | 55 ± 13 | 54 ± 13 | 0.630 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 60 (25) | 69 (12) | <0.001 | 41 (20) | 40 (20) | 1.000 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 70 (29) | 145 (24) | 0.191 | 54 (27) | 51 (25) | 0.821 |
| Smoking | 28 (12) | 60 (10) | 0.536 | 21 (10) | 25 (12) | 0.639 |
| Body height, cm | 162 ± 9 | 163 ± 8 | 0.167 | 162 ± 9 | 163 ± 8 | 0.155 |
| Body weight, kg | 69 ± 16 | 67 ± 13 | 0.110 | 69 ± 15 | 69 ± 14 | 0.895 |
| Body mass index, kg m−2 | 26 ± 4 | 25 ± 4 | 0.003 | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 0.537 |
| SBP, mmHg | 161 ± 23 | 150 ± 19 | <0.001 | 158 ± 22 | 156 ± 20 | 0.181 |
| DBP, mmHg | 95 ± 15 | 90 ± 13 | <0.001 | 94 ± 14 | 92 ± 13 | 0.283 |
| Serum creatinine level, mg dL−1 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | <0.001 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.832 |
| Serum potassium level, mmol L−1 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 0.824 |
| Unilateral PA, n (%) | 176 (72) | 360 (60) | <0.001 | 142 (70) | 138 (68) | 0.746 |
| PAC, ng dL−1 | 46 (39) | 41 (30) | <0.001 | 45 (36) | 43 (31) | 0.262 |
| PRA, ng mL−1 h−1 | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.511 | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.278 |
| ARR | 178 (473) | 171 (429) | 0.732 | 160 (498) | 204 (698) | 0.362 |
| Log-transformed PAC | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 0.002 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 0.551 |
| Log-transformed PRA | −0.6 ± 0.7 | −0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.515 | −0.6 ± 0.7 | −0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.177 |
| Log-transformed ARR | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.583 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 0.286 |
| Number of antihypertensive medication type | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | <0.001 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 0.545 |
| Hypertension history, years | 10.4 ± 9.0 | 6.8 ± 7.5 | <0.001 | 9.7 ± 8.8 | 8.4 ± 8.3 | 0.118 |
| Hypertension medication | ||||||
| ACEI, n (%) | 7 (3) | 9 (2) | 0.187 | 5 (3) | 5 (3) | 1.000 |
| ARB, n (%) | 110 (45) | 214 (36) | 0.011 | 89 (44) | 81 (40) | 0.481 |
| Alpha-blocker, n (%) | 53 (22) | 117 (20) | 0.469 | 36 (18) | 59 (29) | 0.010 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 104 (43) | 186 (31) | 0.001 | 80 (40) | 78 (39) | 0.919 |
| CCB, n (%) | 183 (75) | 365 (61) | <0.001 | 152 (75) | 144 (71) | 0.431 |
| Vasodilator, n (%) | 28 (12) | 26 (4) | <0.001 | 20 (10) | 14 (7) | 0.370 |
| Spironolactone, n (%) | 43 (18) | 107 (18) | 0.938 | 32 (16) | 50 (25) | 0.035 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 35 (14) | 58 (10) | 0.050 | 30 (15) | 28 (14) | 0.887 |
| PWV (cm/s) | 1809 ± 391 | 1656 ± 322 | <0.001 | 1783 ± 374 | 1689 ± 368 | 0.012 |
*
Matched with age, sex, DM, SBP, DBP, serum creatinine level, serum potassium level, number of antihypertensive medication type, and hypertension history.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARR, aldosterone-renin ratio; CCB, calcium channel blocker; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; PA, primary aldosteronism; PAC, plasma aldosterone concentration; PRA, plasma renin activity; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure.