Table 3.
Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) prescribed to elderly patients based on 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria.
| Category of Beers criteria | PIMs | Drug class | Result* | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent diagnosis |
Aspirin | Antiplatelet | 92 (43.8) | Avoid initiating aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease |
| Warfarin | Antithrombotic | 18 (8.6) | Avoid starting warfarin as initial therapy for the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or VTE unless alternative options are contraindicated or there are substantial barriers to their use | |
| Nifedipine | Calcium channel blocker |
26 (12.4) | Avoid | |
| Amitriptyline | Tricyclic antidepressants | 3 (1.4) | Avoid | |
| Phenobarbital | Barbiturates | 6 (2.9) | Avoid | |
| Regular insulin | Hormone | 19 (9.0) | Avoid | |
| Glibenclamide | Sulphonyl urea | 33 (15.7) | Avoid | |
| Depend-on diagnosis | Metoclopramide | Antiemetics | 4 (1.9) | Avoid |
| drug–drug interactions | Enalapril + spironolactone | ACEIs and potassium- sparing diuretics | 6 (2.9) | Avoid routinely using a RAS inhibitor and potassium-sparing diuretic, concurrently in those with chronic kidney disease Stage 3a or higher |
| Medications whose dosages should be adjusted based on renal function | Spironolactone | Potassium-sparing diuretics | 3 (1.4) | Avoid when CrCl <30 mL/min |
| Total PIMs | 210 (100) |
ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; CrCl = creatinine clearance; RAS = renin-angiotensin system; VTE = venous thromboembolism.
⁎
Values are presented as frequency (%).