Table 2. Characteristics of Texas Medicaid Live Births and Hospitals, With Level II, III, and IV NICUs, by Median Newborn Adjusted NICU Bed Capacity, 2010 to 2014a.
| Newborn characteristics | Newborns by subcohort and hospital-adjusted NICU bed capacity, No. (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very low birth weight (<1500 g) | Late preterm (34-36 wk) | Nonpreterm (≥37 wk) | ||||
| Lower (295 H-Ys; 3199 LBs) | Higher (296 H-Ys; 6739 LBs) | Lower (n326 H-Ys; 27 381 LBs) | Higher (326 H-Ys; 35 779 LBs) | Lower (326 H-Ys; 374 404 LBs) | Higher (n327 H-Ys; 426 778 LBs) | |
| Estimated neonatal mortality risk/1000 LBs, mean (SD) | 1.17 (1.69) | 1.25 (1.78) | 0.04 (0.05) | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) |
| Congenital anomalies | 483 (15.1) | 1020 (15.14) | 915 (3.34) | 1608 (4.49) | 4309 (1.15) | 5570 (1.31) |
| Key diagnosis | 3128 (97.78) | 6552 (97.23) | 15 697 (57.33) | 21 972 (61.41) | 107 090 (28.6) | 133 346 (31.24) |
| Major procedure | 321 (10.03) | 856 (12.7) | 201 (0.73) | 589 (1.65) | 559 (0.15) | 1181 (0.28) |
| Newborn utilization and outcomes | ||||||
| NICU admission | 3040 (95.03) | 6429 (95.4) | 9665 (35.3) | 15 314 (42.8) | 19 662 (5.25) | 33 283 (7.8) |
| Special care days/newborn, mean (SD) | 52 (48.88) | 56 (50.12) | 3.51 (9.11) | 5.07 (12.29) | 0.42 (4.33) | 0.72 (4.89) |
| Length of stay, mean (SD), d | 55 (53.19) | 58 (54.13) | 4.67 (9.67) | 6.25 (13.75) | 1.93 (5.17) | 2.28 (5.75) |
| Death during newborn inpatient episode | 386 (12.07) | 824 (12.23) | 82 (0.3) | 185 (0.52) | 129 (0.03) | 318 (0.07) |
| 30-d adverse events | 454 (14.19) | 944 (14.01) | 2391 (8.73) | 3466 (9.69) | 23 621 (6.31) | 29 760 (6.97) |
| Hospital characteristics | ||||||
| Mean annual live births volume per hospitala | ||||||
| Total, mean (SD) | 24 (25) | 52 (52) | 205 (163) | 241 (173) | 1986 (1230) | 2194 (1579) |
| Medicaid, mean (SD) | 11 (13) | 23 (23) | 84 (91) | 110 (104) | 1148 (1157) | 1305 (1317) |
| Teaching hospitalsb | 5 (1.69) | 34 (11.49) | 4 (1.23) | 36 (11.04) | 4 (1.23) | 36 (11.01) |
| For profit | 116 (39.32) | 124 (41.89) | 128 (39.26) | 134 (41.1) | 128 (39.26) | 135 (41.28) |
| Nursery level | ||||||
| II | 126 (42.71) | 30 (10.14) | 149 (45.71) | 46 (14.11) | 149 (45.71) | 47 (14.37) |
| III | 161 (54.58) | 236 (79.73) | 170 (52.15) | 249 (76.38) | 170 (52.15) | 249 (76.15) |
| IV | 8 (2.71) | 30 (10.14) | 7 (2.15) | 31 (9.51) | 7 (2.15) | 31 (9.48) |
Abbreviations: H-Ys, hospital-years; LBs, live births; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.
a
Less than hospital median of 0.8584 adjusted advanced care beds per 100 live births in very low birth weight; 0.8417 in late preterm; 0.8422 in nonpreterm.
b
Ascertained according to the presence of a neonatology fellowship.