Table 2.
Associations between Lp(a)a, UACRb, and risks of chronic kidney disease.
| Variables | Number of cases/total participants | HRc (95% CI); P valued | |||
| Independent associations |
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| Lp(a) |
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Low group | 4642/258,388 | Reference | ||
|
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High group | 1361/71,027 | 1.05 (0.98-1.13); .16 | ||
| UACR |
|
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|||
|
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Low-normal group | 3247/182,740 | Reference | ||
|
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High-normal group | 2756/146,675 | 1.20 (1.13-1.27); <.001 | ||
| Joint associations between baseline Lp(a)e and UACR |
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Low Lp(a) and low-normal UACR | 2527/142,923 | Reference | ||
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High Lp(a) and low-normal UACR | 720/39,817 | 0.98 (0.90-1.08); .74 | ||
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Low Lp(a) and high-normal UACR | 2115/15,465 | 1.16 (1.08-1.24); <.001 | ||
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High Lp(a) and high-normal UACR | 641/31,210 | 1.32 (1.19-1.46); <.001 | ||
aLp(a): lipoprotein a.
bUACR: urine albumin-creatinine ratio.
cHR: hazard ratio.
dFully adjusted model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, Townsend Deprivation Index, college degree, ethnicity, area, smoking and drinking status, regular intake of coffee, vitamin and mineral supplement, personal medical history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, depression, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, drugs for diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein, urate, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.
eBaseline Lp(a) was categorized into low (<75 nmol/L) and high (≥75 nmol/L) groups. Baseline UACR within the normal range was classified into low-normal (0-9.9 mg/g) and high-normal (10-29.9 mg/g) groups.