Table 1. Environmental Hazards in California by HOLC grade.
| Environmental Hazard | Grade A(n = 109) | Grade B(n = 273) | Grade C(n = 331) | Grade D(n = 155) | A–D p-value | B–D p-value | C–D p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 | 45.9 (23.8) | 45.2 (27.5) | 51.2 (29.3) | 54.4 (31.0) | p = 0.6867 | p = 0.6105 | p = 0.7534 |
| Diesel PM | 29.5 (23.9) | 41.3 (26.8) | 53.3 (26.6) | 68.5 (24.9) | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.01 |
| Lead risk | 35.5 (23.4) | 46.9 (27.2) | 52.3 (29.0) | 56.5 (29.8) | p = 0.4856 | p < 0.05 | p = 0.9681 |
| Groundwater threat | 35.4 (24.9) | 45.5 (27.8) | 52.1 (28.3) | 59.4 (28.3) | p < 0.01 | p = 0.7998 | p = 0.0936 |
| Toxic releases by facilities | 46.8 (25.6) | 47.0 (27.2) | 50.2 (30.2) | 53.0 (29.3) | p = 0.7855 | p = 0.0813 | p = 0.8140 |
| Hazardous waste facilities | 36.0 (22.8) | 44.2 (27.7) | 52.4 (27.7) | 60.7 (30.3) | p < 0.001 | p = 0.4328 | p < 0.05 |
| Cleanup sites | 39.0 (26.5) | 43.5 (27.9) | 51.1 (26.9) | 62.5 (29.6) | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.0001 |
| Pollution burden | 28.8 (21.8) | 40.4 (25.9) | 54.5 (27.8) | 68.1 (24.1) | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 |
| Noise pollution | 76.2 (3.5) | 78.1 (3.2) | 79.3 (3.2) | 80.6 (3.4) | p < 0.01 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.01 |
| NDVI | 0.13 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.03) | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.02) | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.001 |
| Temperature (°C) | 16.1 (3.7) | 15.8 (3.8) | 16.4 (3.7) | 16.2 (3.9) | p < 0.01 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.001 |