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PSMA (FOLH1) expression is activated in prostate cancer via binding of both AR and its cofactor HOXB13 to the PSMA enhancer. Even in the absence of AR expression, a subset of AR-negative tumors will still express PSMA due to HOXB13 binding of the PSMA enhancer. CRPC tumors may suppress or lose PSMA expression either due to loss of AR/HOXB13 binding of the PSMA promotor and/ or methylation of the PSMA promotor.
