Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, radiological findings, biochemical features, and treatments of 1145 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with or without disease progression
| Variables | Total cohort (n = 1145) | Non-severe disease (n = 809) | Severe disease (n = 336) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males, n (%) | 612 (53.5) | 426 (52.7) | 186 (55.4) | 0.404 |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 74 (62–83) | 72 (59–82) | 77.5 (66.5–86.0) | < 0.001 |
| Age groups, n (%) | ||||
| < 50 years | 134 (11.7) | 118 (14.6) | 16 (4.8) | < 0.001 |
| 50–59 years | 115 (10.0) | 90 (11.1) | 25 (7.4) | 0.058 |
| 60–69 years | 209 (18.3) | 147 (18.2) | 62 (18.5) | 0.905 |
| 70–79 years | 270 (23.6) | 182 (22.5) | 88 (26.2) | 0.179 |
| ≥ 80 years | 417 (36.4) | 272 (33.6) | 145 (43.2) | 0.002 |
| Age ≥ 60 years, n (%) | 896 (78.3) | 601 (74.3) | 295 (87.8) | < 0.001 |
| Patient provenience, n (%) | ||||
| ED | 762 (66.7) | 508 (62.9) | 254 (75.8) | < 0.001 |
| Ward | 334 (29.2) | 255 (31.6) | 79 (23.6) | 0.007 |
| Domicile | 47 (4.1) | 45 (5.6) | 2 (0.6) | 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Weight, kg, median (IQR) | 70 (60–80) | 70 (60–80) | 70 (62–80) | 0.111 |
| BMI > 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 260 (22.7) | 173 (21.4) | 87 (25.9) | 0.097 |
| Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 186 (16.2) | 127 (15.7) | 59 (17.6) | 0.437 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 24 (2.1) | 15 (1.9) | 9 (2.7) | 0.375 |
| Immunodeficit, n (%) | 156 (13.6) | 104 (12.9) | 52 (15.5) | 0.239 |
| Transplant recipients, n (%) | 17 (1.5) | 10 (1.2) | 7 (2.8) | 0.280 |
| Rheumatological disease, n (%) | 62 (5.4) | 42 (5.2) | 20 (6.0) | 0.604 |
| Decompensated diabetes, n (%) | 183 (16.0) | 109 (13.5) | 74 (22.0) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 252 (22.0) | 172 (21.3) | 80 (23.8) | 0.343 |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 66 (5.8) | 42 (5.2) | 24 (7.1) | 0.197 |
| COPD, n (%) | 222 (19.4) | 137 (16.9) | 85 (25.3) | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobinopathies, n (%) | 5 (0.4) | 4 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 0.646 |
| Neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative diseases, n (%) | 321 (28.0) | 203 (25.1) | 118 (35.1) | 0.001 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 176 (15.4) | 100 (12.4) | 76 (22.6) | < 0.001 |
| Chromosopathies/hypoxia, n (%) | 8 (0.7) | 4 (0.5) | 4 (1.2) | 0.198 |
| Neuromuscular disease, n (%) | 33 (2.9) | 25 (3.1) | 8 (2.4) | 0.514 |
| Cerebrovascular events, n (%) | 134 (11.7) | 88 (10.9) | 46 (13.7) | 0.178 |
| Oncological disease, n (%) | 170 (14.9) | 133 (16.4) | 37 (11.0) | 0.019 |
| Metastasis, n (%) | 58 (5.1) | 41 (5.1) | 17 (5.1) | 0.995 |
| Terminal cancer, n (%) | 20 (1.8) | 6 (0.7) | 14 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
| Haematological tumours, n (%) | 71 (6.2) | 44 (5.4) | 27 (8.0) | 0.097 |
| Solid tumours in chemotherapy, n (%) | 33 (2.9) | 26 (3.2) | 7 (2.1) | 0.298 |
| Haematological tumours in chemotherapy, n (%) | 48 (4.2) | 30 (3.7) | 18 (5.4) | 0.205 |
| Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 417 (36.4) | 276 (34.1) | 141 (42.0) | 0.012 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 370 (32.3) | 241 (29.8) | 129 (38.4) | 0.005 |
| Previous acute myocardial infarction, n (%) | 147 (12.8) | 101 (12.5) | 46 (13.7) | 0.579 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 547 (47.8) | 361 (44.6) | 186 (55.4) | 0.001 |
| Median (IQR) number of comorbidities | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.001 |
| CCI, median (IQR) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (4–7) | < 0.001 |
| Vaccine, n (%) | 937 (81.8) | 721 (89.1) | 216 (64.3) | < 0.001 |
| N. of doses, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 208 (18.2) | 88 (10.9) | 120 (35.7) | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 26 (2.3) | 16 (2.0) | 10 (3.0) | 0.303 |
| 2 | 187 (16.3) | 140 (17.3) | 47 (14.0) | 0.169 |
| 3 | 698 (61.0) | 543 (67.1) | 155 (46.1) | < 0.001 |
| 4 | 26 (2.3) | 22 (2.7) | 4 (1.2) | 0.120 |
| Time between vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection, median (IQR) | 147 (84–204) | 136 (82–191) | 171.5 (98–227) | 0.001 |
| Symptomsa | 954 (83.3) | 639 (79.0) | 315 (93.8) | < 0.001 |
| Fever, n (%) | 538 (47.0) | 335 (41.4) | 203 (60.4) | < 0.001 |
| Cough, n (%) | 410 (35.8) | 257 (31.8) | 153 (45.5) | < 0.001 |
| Tachypnoea, n (%) | 35 (3.1) | 12 (1.5) | 23 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
| Ageusia, n (%) | 17 (1.5) | 13 (1.6) | 4 (1.2) | 0.596 |
| Pharyngodynia, n (%) | 162 (14.2) | 132 (16.3) | 30 (8.9) | 0.001 |
| Chills, n (%) | 40 (3.5) | 33 (4.1) | 7 (2.1) | 0.094 |
| Asthenia, n (%) | 410 (35.8) | 290 (35.9) | 120 (35.7) | 0.996 |
| Headache, n (%) | 127 (11.1) | 94 (11.6) | 33 (9.8) | 0.378 |
| Myalgias, n (%) | 184 (16.1) | 134 (16.6) | 50 (14.9) | 0.480 |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms, n (%) | 171 (14.9) | 120 (14.8) | 51 (15.2) | 0.881 |
| Dyspnoea, n (%) | 281 (24.5) | 102 (12.6) | 179 (53.3) | < 0.001 |
| Nasal congestion, n (%) | 53 (4.6) | 49 (6.1) | 4 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
| Anosmia, n (%) | 21 (1.8) | 14 (1.7) | 7 (2.1) | 0.685 |
| Radiological findings | ||||
| CT pneumonia, n (%) | 449 (39.2) | 193 (23.9) | 256 (79.2) | < 0.0001 |
| GGO, n (%) | 375 (32.8) | 157 (19.4) | 218 (64.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Consolidation, n (%) | 227 (19.8) | 79 (9.8) | 148 (44.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Pulmonary embolism, n (%) | 21 (1.8) | 12 (1.5) | 9 (2.7) | 0.170 |
| Biochemical indexes | ||||
| WBC (× 103), median (IQR) | 6.9 (5.3–9.3) | 6.7 (5.1–9.0) | 7.6 (5.7–10.4) | 0.001 |
| Neutrophils, median (IQR) | 4.9 (3.4–7.1) | 4.8 (3.3–6.6) | 5.7 (3.9–8.3) | < 0.001 |
| Lymphocytes, median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.001 |
| NLR, median (IQR) | 4.5 (2.6–8.0) | 4 (2.5–7.2) | 5.8 (3.1–10.2) | < 0.001 |
| Ferritin, median (IQR) | 222 (121–454) | 187 (107–349) | 411.5 (199.5–874.0) | < 0.001 |
| Ferritin/10, median (IQR) | 22.2 (12.1–45.4) | 18.7 (10.7–34.9) | 41.2 (20.0–87.4) | < 0.001 |
| Ferritin/50, median (IQR) | 4.4 (2.4–9.1) | 3.7 (2.1–7.0) | 8.2 (4.0–17.5) | < 0.001 |
| PCT, median (IQR) | 0.07 (0.02–0.22) | 0.05 (0.02–0.15) | 0.15 (0.06–0.46) | < 0.001 |
| PCT > 0.5, n (%) | 174 (15.2) | 93 (11.5) | 81 (24.1) | |
| Urea, median (IQR) | 35 (27–55) | 33 (25–50) | 44 (32–65) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.8 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.002 |
| eGFR, median (IQR) | 67.4 (43.6–90.7) | 71.4 (45.8–92.7) | 57.4 (37.9–82.2) | < 0.001 |
| AST, median (IQR) | 23 (17–33) | 22 (17–30) | 26.5 (19.0–40.5) | < 0.001 |
| ALT, median (IQR) | 19 (13–30) | 18 (13–29) | 20 (13–32) | 0.212 |
| De Ritis, median (IQR) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.8) | < 0.001 |
| LDH, median (IQR) | 222 (177–280) | 206 (168–250) | 262 (212.5–333.5) | < 0.001 |
| LDH/10, median (IQR) | 22.2 (17.7–28.0) | 20.6 (16.8–25.0) | 26.2 (21.3–33.4) | < 0.001 |
| LDH/50, median (IQR) | 4.4 (3.5–5.6) | 4.2 (3.4–5.0) | 5.2 (4.3–6.7) | < 0.001 |
| CRP, median (IQR) | 2.6 (1.1–6.6) | 2.0 (1.0–5.2) | 5.6 (2.3–11.1) | < 0.001 |
| D-Dimer, median (IQR) | 1 (0.5–2.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 1.5 (0.8–3.3) | < 0.001 |
| Therapy | ||||
| Days between symptoms onset and start of treatment, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | 0.154 |
| Early treatment, n (%) | 214 (65.6) | 190 (66.7) | 24 (58.5) | 0.305 |
| Antiviral, n (%) | 389 (34.0) | 352 (43.5) | 37 (11.0) | < 0.001 |
| Monlupiravir, n (%) | 242 (21.1) | 224 (27.7) | 18 (5.4) | < 0.001 |
| Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, n (%) | 39 (3.4) | 36 (4.5) | 3 (0.9) | 0.002 |
| Remdesivir, n (%) | 108 (9.4) | 92 (11.4) | 16 (4.8) | < 0.001 |
| Monoclonal antibodies, n (%) | 237 (20.7) | 207 (25.6) | 30 (8.9) | < 0.001 |
| Casirivimab/Imdevimab, n (%) | 110 (9.6) | 91(11.3) | 19 (5.7) | 0.003 |
| Sotrovimab, n (%) | 130 (11.4) | 118 (14.6) | 12 (3.6) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital-acquired infection, n (%) | 304 (26.6) | 233 (28.8) | 71 (21.1) | 0.007 |
| Bacterial co-infection, n (%) | 129 (11.3) | 71 (8.8) | 58 (17.3) | < 0.001 |
aPeople with at least one symptom