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TF+DSLR: Twin flash + Digital single lens reflex camera; RF+DSLR: Ring flash + Digital single lens reflex camera; SMART: Smartphone camera; IOS: Intraoral scanners.
| Mean ∆E | Comparison groups | Mean difference between the standard and test groups | SD |
| E =10.90 | TF+ DSLR | 9.815 | 2.30 |
| E=12.09 | SMART | 27.106 | 2.74 |
| E=10.97 | RF+DSLR | 8.755 | 2.38 |
| E=5.8 | IOS | 2.496 | 1.9 |
