CD8+KLRG1+ T effector memory CD45RA+ (TEMRA) and T resident memory 1 (TRM1) cell gene signatures are increased in mild-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung in an independent cohort. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) signature scores were generated for CD8+ T-cell clusters from the single-cell datasets and measured in a bulk RNA-seq dataset of lung tissue from an independent patient cohort (Lung Tissue Research Consortium, n = 929) of control subjects and patients with COPD. (A) GSVA signature scores for CD8+ T-cell clusters are shown by patient subcohort or Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification. (B) In mild-moderate COPD lung, GSVA signature scores for CD8+ T-cell clusters are compared with an IFNγ-response signature score. (A) Kruksal-Wallis with post hoc pairwise Wilcoxon testing with P values adjusted by multiple testing correction with Benjamini-Hochberg. (B) Pearson correlation with linear regression (blue line), 95% confidence interval (gray), correlation coefficient (R), and P values (p).