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. 2024 Feb 14;15:20417314241230633. doi: 10.1177/20417314241230633

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© The Author(s) 2024

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 2. — Characterization of vascular tissues in the neural organoids. Confocal images show CD31⁺ endothelial cells (green) in tissues formed on either Matrigel (a and b) or PEG hydrogels (c and d). (e) 3D reconstructions of CD31 vascular network within the planar neural organoid. Planar neural organoids on PEG hydrogels displayed denser and interconnected vascular network formation when compared to tissues formed on Matrigel at day 28. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor pazopanib (PAZ) had a significant effect on CD31⁺ vascular networks (green) in neural tissues formed on Matrigel (e and f) or PEG hydrogels (g and h). (i) Measurement of VEGF protein from the culture samples of neural organoids formed on Matrigel (MTG) or PEG hydrogels (***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001). Scale bar 100 μm.