Table 3.

Associations of maternal early-pregnancy glucose concentrations with early, mid, and late pregnancy blood pressure (n = 5,265)

Maternal early-pregnancy glucose concentrations, mmol/l	Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (95% confidence interval)	Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg (95% confidence interval)
Early pregnancy
Basic model	0.37 (−0.08 to 0.81)	0.40 (0.06 to 0.75)*
Main model	0.47 (0.03 to 0.92)*	0.40 (0.06 to 0.75)*
BMI model	0.71 (0.22 to 1.22)*	0.48 (0.10 to 0.86)*
Mid pregnancy
Basic model	0.13 (−0.30 to 0.48)	−0.13 (−0.44 to 0.18)
Main model	0.19 (−0.21 to 0.59)	−0.12 (−0.43 to 0.20)
BMI model	0.36 (−0.09 to 0.80)	−0.02 (−0.37 to 0.33)
Late pregnancy
Basic model	0.21 (−0.18 to 0.61)	0.19 (−0.12 to 0.50)
Main model	0.25 (−0.15 to 0.65)	0.18 (−0.13 to 0.49)
BMI model	0.36 (−0.08 to 0.80)	0.24 (−0.10 to 0.59)

Values are mm Hg (95% CI) from linear regression models, reflecting differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, per 1 mmol/l increase in maternal early-pregnancy non-fasting glucose concentrations. Estimates are from multiple imputed data. Basic model: adjusted for gestational age at glucose measurement. Main model: gestational age at glucose measurement, gestational age at blood pressure measurement, maternal ethnicity, age, parity, educational concentrations, smoking, and folic acid supplement use. BMI model: main model additionally adjusted for maternal prepregnancy BMI. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval.

*P value < 0.05.