Table 12. Effect of multicomponent CBT-I on subjective sleep parameters.

CBT-I modality (vs. control conditions)	Sleep quality (PSQI)	Insomnia severity (ISI)	Sleep latency	Number of wakes	WASO	Sleep efficiency	Total sleep time
In-person CBT-I	Increases	Decreases	Decreases*	Decreases	Decreases	Increases*	Decreases*
Online CBT-I	Increases	Decreases	Decreases	–	Decreases	Increases	Decreases
Digital CBT-I	N/A	Decreases	Decreases	Decreases	Decreases	Increases	–

Abbreviations: CBT-I, Cognitive-behavioral therapy applied to insomnia; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; N/A, not applicable; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; WASO, wake after sleep onset.

^*Corresponding effect measured with polysomnography.