Table 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline and during ICU stay—derivation cohort
| Baseline patient characteristics (n = 255) | |
|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 64 ± 15 |
| Male, n (%) | 168 (65.9) |
| Medical history, n (%) | |
| Ulcer | 29 (11.4) |
| Cirrhosis | 45 (17.6) |
| Esophageal varices | 5 (2) |
| Cardiovascular comorbidity | 134 (52.5) |
| CKD | 33 (12.9) |
| Chronic RRT | 7 (2.7) |
| Cancer/hematological malignancies | 81 (31.8) |
| Digestive surgery | 64 (25.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 51 (20) |
| COPD/asthma | 31 (12.2) |
| HIV | 6 (2.4) |
| Medication, n (%) | |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 71 (27.8) |
| Anticoagulants | 47 (18.5) |
| NSAIDs | 14 (5.5) |
| Steroids | 32 (12.6) |
| Chemotherapy | 29 (11.4) |
| PPIs | 83 (32.7) |
| ICU admission cause, n (%) | |
| Sepsis/septic shock | 57 (22.4) |
| Cardiac arrest/cardiogenic shock | 13 (5.1) |
| Respiratory | 90 (35.3) |
| Neurologic | 42 (16.5) |
| Metabolic | 26 (10.2) |
| Others | 27 (10.6) |
| Admission SAPSII (mean ± SD) | 51 ± 19 |
| ICU stay characteristics and treatment, n (%) | |
| Sepsis | 170 (66.7) |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 191 (74.9) |
| RRT | 87 (34.1) |
| Vasopressors | 144 (56.4) |
| Anticoagulant | 71 (27.8) |
| Steroids | 54 (21.2) |
| Antiplatelets | 52 (20.4) |
| Outcome | |
| ICU LOS (days, mean ± SD) | 17.5 ± 17.6 |
| Hospital LOS (days, mean ± SD) | 35 ± 34.5 |
| In-ICU mortality, n (%) | 70 (27.4) |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 87 (34.1) |
SD standard deviation, CKD chronic kidney disease, RRT renal replacement therapy, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, PPI proton pump inhibitor, ICU intensive care unit, SAPSII simplified acute physiology score II, LOS length of stay