. 2024 Feb 2;15:1288382. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1288382

TABLE 8.

The content of sterols/oils/fatty acids in different morphological organs of M. oleifera plant.

Metabolites	Raw material	Content	References
Caprylic acid ( $C_{10 : 0}$ )	Dried leaves	0.07 mg/100 g	Dai et al. (2020)
Lauric acid ( $C_{12 : 0}$ )		0.58 mg/100 g
Myristic acid ( $C_{14 : 0}$ )		3.66 mg/100 g
Palmitic acid ( $C_{16 : 0}$ )		11.79 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	6.45 mg/100 g	Ijarotimi et al. (2013)
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	6.50 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	6.46 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	6.04 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	5.51 mg/100 g
	Seed oil	6.45%
Palmitoleic acid $(C_{16 : 1})$	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	0.97 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	1 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	1.36 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	1.46 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	1.10 mg/100 g
Palmitoleic acid ( $C_{16 : 1} C_{9}$ )	Dried leaves	0.17 mg/100 g	Dai et al. (2020)
Heptadecanoic acid ( $C_{17 : 0}$ )		3.19 mg/100 g
Stearic acid ( $C_{18 : 0}$ )		2.13 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	5.50 mg/100 g	Ijarotimi et al. (2013)
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	5.67 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	5.88 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	4.14 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	5.86 mg/100 g
	Seed oil	5.50%
Oleic acid $(C_{18 : 1})$	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	73.22 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	76 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	71.21 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	73.6 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	67.79 mg/100 g
	Seed oil	73.22%
Vaccenic acid ( $C_{18 : 1} C_{7}$ )	Dried leaves	3.96 mg/100 g	Dai et al. (2020)
Vaccenic acid ( $C_{18 : 1} C_{7}$ )	Dried leaves	0.36 mg/100 g	Dai et al. (2020)
Linoleic acid $(C_{18 : 2}$ )	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	1.27 mg/100 g	Ijarotimi et al. (2013)
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	1.29 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	0.65 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	0.73 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	0.71 mg/100 g
Linoleic acid ( $C_{18 : 2} C_{9.12 (n - 6)}$ )	Dried leaves	7.44 mg/100 g	Dai et al. (2020)
Linoleic acid ( $C_{18 : 2} C_{9.12 (n - 6)}$ )	Dried leaves	44.57 mg/100 g	Dai et al. (2020)
α-Linoleic acid $(C_{18 : 3}$ ) α-Linolenic acid ( $C_{18 : 3} C_{9.12.15 (n - 3)}$ )	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	0.30 mg/100 g	Ijarotimi et al. (2013)
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	0.18 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	0.22 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	0.21 mg/100 g
	Dried leaves	0.20 mg/100 g	Dai et al. (2020)
	Dried leaves	1.61 mg/100 g	Dai et al. (2020)
Arachidonic acid ( $C_{20 : 0}$ )	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	4.08 mg/100g	Ijarotimi et al. (2013)
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	3 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	3.62 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	2.76 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	3.78 mg/100 g
	Seed oil	4.08%
Eicosenoic acid $(C_{20 : 1}$ )	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	1.68 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	1.20 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	2.22 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	2.40 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	2.60 mg/100 g
Heneicosanoic acid ( $C_{21 : 0}$ )	Dried leaves	14.41 mg/100 g	Dai et al. (2020)
Heneicosanoic acid ( $C_{21 : 0}$ )	Dried leaves	1.24 mg/100 g	Dai et al. (2020)
Behenic acid ( $C_{22 : 0}$ )	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	6.16 mg/100 g	Ijarotimi et al. (2013)
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	5 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	6.41 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	6.73 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	6.81 mg/100 g
	Seed oil	6.16%
Erucic acid $(C_{22 : 1}$ )	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	0.12 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	0.14 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	0.11 mg/100 g
Tricosanoic acid ( $C_{23 : 0}$ )	Dried leaves	0.66 mg/100 g	Dai et al. (2020)
Lignoceric acid ( $C_{24 : 0}$ )		2.91 mg/100 g
Total saturated fatty acids		43.31 mg/100 g
Total monounsaturated fatty acids		4.48 mg/100 g
Total polyunsaturated fatty acids		52.21 mg/100 g
Omega-6 fatty acids		7.64 mg/100 g
Omega-3 fatty acids		44.57 mg/100 g
Fats	Fresh leaves	1.7 mg/100 g	Zhang (2011)
	Fresh leaves	1.7 mg/100 g	El-Massary et al. (2013)
	Leaves dried in the sun	6.987 mg/100 g	Zhang (2011)
	Leaves dried in the shade	7.032 mg/100 g
	Oven dried leaves	7.014 mg/100 g
	Dried leaves	5.2 mg/100 g	El-Massary et al. (2013)
	Leaf powder	2.3 mg/100 g	El-Massary et al. (2013)
	Roots	10.80 mg/100 g	Pramanik and Islam (1998)
	Bark	17.47 mg/100 g	Pramanik and Islam (1998)
	Pods	0.1 mg/100 g	Haytowitz and Bhagwat (2010)
Stigmasterol	Seed oil	18.80%	Ijarotimi et al. (2013)
β-Sitosterol	Seed oil	46.16%
	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	46.16 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	46.65 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	43.65 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	50.07 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	47.07 mg/100 g
Campesterol	Seed oil	17.59%
$Δ^{5}$ -Avenasterol	Seed oil	9.26%
	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	9.26 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	10.70 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	11.61 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	8.84 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	2.94 mg/100 g
$Δ^{7}$ - Avenasterol	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	0.84 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	0.96 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	1.11 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	0.19 mg/100 g
24-Methylene-cholesterol	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	0.99 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	1.49 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	0.08 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	0.88 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	0.96 mg/100 g
Campesterol	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	17.95 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	16 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	15.29 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	15.13 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	23.83 mg/100 g
Campestanol	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	0.53 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety Indie)	0.33 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	0.5 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	0.40 mg/100 g
$Δ^{7}$ -Campestanol	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	0.70 mg/100 g
$Δ^{7}$ -Campestanol	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	0.50 mg/100 g
Stigmasterol	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	18.80 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	19 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	23.06 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	16.87 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	17.03 mg/100 g
Clerosterol	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	1.70 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	1.95 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	1.22 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	2.52 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	0.62 mg/100 g
Stigmastanol	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	0.53 mg/100g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	1 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	0.64 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	0.86 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	0.77 mg/100 g
28-Isoavenasterol	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	1.04 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Pakistan)	0.50 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	0.25 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	1.40 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Malawi)	0.25 mg/100 g
$Δ^{7.14}$ -Stigmastanol	Seed oil (wild variety, Pakistan)	0.76 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, India)	0.85 mg/100 g
	Seed oil (cultivated variety, Kenia)	0.44 mg/100 g