Table 2.
Neuropsychological performance in percentile score based on ANOVA
| Dysl_notM | # | Numb | # | Arith Proc | # | Arith Facts | # | Geom | # | Sign. (p; omega-sq) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ave(std) | Ave(std) | Ave(std) | Ave(std) | Ave(std) | |||||||
| General cognitive and academic | |||||||||||
| WJ-IV oral vocabulary | 60.8 (25.7) | 24 | 35.8 (38.1) | 7 | 47.6 (21.3) | 14 | 52.7 (21.7) | 15 | 61.7 (25.9) | 7 | 0.16 |
| Receptive vocabulary -ROWPVT | 72 (25.2) | 23 | 57.4 (34.8) | 7 | 64.7 (23.2) | 14 | 77.8 (16.1) | 14 | 85.5 (16.2) | 7 | 0.14 |
| WASI matrix reasoning | 72 (27.3)c,d | 23 | 24.4 (30.4)b | 7 | 34.7 (23.3)b | 14 | 55.1 (22.8) | 15 | 56.1 (23.4) | 7 | <0.001; 0.275 |
| WJ-IV calculations | 37.4 (26.7)c,d | 24 | 3.6 (3.4)b | 7 | 13.2 (13.6)b | 14 | 21.5 (19.5) | 15 | 28.7 (10.4) | 7 | 0.001; 0.218 |
| Reading | |||||||||||
| (TOWRE-2) sight words | 24.6 (24.4) | 24 | 4.16 (6.7) | 7 | 15.2 (13.5) | 14 | 25.5 (23.5) | 15 | 18.9 (25.4) | 7 | 0.16 |
| (TOWRE-2) pseudowords | 19.1 (18.8) | 24 | 3.4 (4.5) | 7 | 15.5 (10.6) | 14 | 19.8 (22.8) | 15 | 14.9 (19.8) | 7 | 0.3 |
| Processing speed | |||||||||||
| WISC-IVi symbol search | 55.7 (27.8) | 22 | 21.8 (12.1) | 6 | 29.5 (28.0) | 13 | 42.5 (26.3) | 15 | 44.6 (17.5) | 7 | 0.016 |
| WISC-IVi coding | 25.7 (27.9) | 22 | 11.4 (14.1) | 7 | 14.9 (14.5) | 13 | 23.3 (13.6) | 15 | 29.1 (28.0) | 7 | 0.344 |
| CCT 1 (timed number seq) | 41.5 (32.3) | 23 | 34.5 (34.0) | 7 | 30.7 (29.2) | 12 | 38.3 (26.9) | 15 | 32.4 (27.6) | 7 | 0.865 |
| Visuospatial processing | |||||||||||
| Judgment of line orientation | 50.9 (34.2)c | 23 | 6.4 (15.3)b,e | 8 | 22.9 (30.1) | 12 | 46.6 (22.2)c | 14 | 36.7 (24.6) | 7 | 0.002; 0.195 |
| Beery VMI | 40.1 (25.5) | 23 | 15.1 (10.6) | 8 | 22 (26.3) | 13 | 32.3 (25.1) | 15 | 12.0 (6.1) | 7 | 0.015 |
| Memory | |||||||||||
| Short-term verbal - WISC-IVi- digits forward | 44.8 (30.6) | 23 | 20.9 (16.2) | 7 | 39.4 (25.3) | 14 | 38.9 (26.5) | 15 | 31.0 (27.2) | 7 | 0.322 |
| Long-term verbal - CVLT LDFR | 53.7 (31.7) | 22 | 33.2 (23.8) | 6 | 41.7 (31.2) | 14 | 58.9 (33.6) | 14 | 67.7 (19.5) | 7 | 0.18 |
| Short-term visual - WISC-IVi- blocks forward | 43.8 (28.7) | 19 | 31.3 (27.9) | 7 | 38.5 (31.3) | 11 | 37.4 (27.4) | 14 | 40.1 (20.8) | 7 | 0.886 |
| Long-term visual - Rey-Osterrieth figure 3’ delay | 39.2 (34.81) | 22 | 12.4 (20.8) | 7 | 14.0 (16.9) | 14 | 47.8 (36.7) | 15 | 13.0 (18.3) | 7 | 0.005 |
| Executive functions | |||||||||||
| Flanker | 39.5 (27.2) | 16 | 24.6 (32.1) | 5 | 35.5 (30.9) | 11 | 50.2 (28.7) | 12 | 28.8 (26.1) | 4 | 0.456 |
| Verbal working memory- WISC-LVi- digits backward | 39 (23.1) | 23 | 10.6 (7.5) | 7 | 31.7 (28.5) | 14 | 42.1 (21.1) | 15 | 35.6 (30.6) | 7 | 0.06 |
| Visual working memory - WISC-LVi- blocks backward | 49.4 (32.0) | 18 | 22.6 (15.6) | 7 | 29.2 (23.8) | 11 | 30.4 (24.9) | 14 | 49.0 (31.7) | 7 | 0.082 |
| CCT 2 (timed number seq/switch) | 37.9 (20.3) | 23 | 12 (12.3) | 7 | 16.5 (18.8) | 12 | 26.0 (20.9) | 15 | 25.7 (17.4) | 7 | 0.008 |
| DKEFS design fluency-filled | 56.1 (22.4) | 19 | 49 (32.9) | 6 | 47.6 (24.2) | 11 | 66.3 (25.6) | 15 | 43.0 (43.6) | 4 | 0.331 |
# = number of participants; b = diff from Dysl_notM, no deficits in mathematics; c = diff from the group with deficits in number; d = diff from the group with a deficit in arithmetical procedures; e = diff from the group with deficit in arithmetic fact retrieval. The statistical significant differences are indicated in bold. All omnibus p values Bonferroni-corrected for multiple comparisons (p < 0.003), all post hoc pairwise comparison p values Bonferroni-corrected for multiple comparisons (p < 0.0125).