Table 2.
Study characteristics AS.
| Author, y, JBI | Country | Design | Period | Spine level | Imaging | Fracture assessment | AS criteria | Mean age (SD) | % Male | Disease duration years (SD) | AS cases | No. with VF | % VF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim 2022, 7 [11] | Korea | Cross-sectional | 2012–2020 | T-L | Radiograph | NS | MNY | 47.6 (13.8) | 66 | 4.1 (3.9) | 219 | 20 | 9.1 |
| Fauny 2021, 7 [12] | France | Cross-sectional | 2009–2017 | C-T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 60.3 (10.7) | 89 | 24 (12–34)* | 73 | 9 | 12.3 |
| Beek 2019, 9 [28] | Netherlands | Longitudinal | 2003–2014 | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 42.8 (10.2) | 70 | 11.9 (9.5) | 135 | 15 | 11.1 |
| Maas 2017, 9 [29] | Netherlands | Longitudinal | 2004–2012 | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 42.8 (12.5) | 70 | 16 (8-25)* | 292 | 59 | 20.0 |
| Van der Weijden 2016, 8 [30] | Netherlands | Longitudinal | NS | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 41.8 (9.2) | 82 | 12.2 (9.1) | 49 | 6 | 12.2 |
| Rossini 2016, 8 [31] | Italy | Cross-sectional | 2012–2014 | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 47 (NS) | 83 | 11.5 (NS) | 71 | 18 | 25.4 |
| Kang 2014, 9 [32] | Korea | Longitudinal | 2007–2013 | L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 33.9 (10.9) | 80 | 3.8 (5.1) | 298 | 31 | 10.8 |
| Ulu 2013, 8 [34] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 2007–2011 | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 34.5 (9) | 80 | 4.8 (4.8) | 86 | 24 | 27.9 |
| Ulu 2013, 8 [35] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 2011–2012 | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 34.3 (9.4) | 85 | 11.5 (7.5) | 59 | 18 | 30.5 |
| Klingberg 2012, 8 [36] | Sweden | Cross-sectional | 2009–2009 | C-T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 50 (13) | 57 | 24 (13) | 204 | 24 | 11.8 |
| Montala 2012, 8 [33] | Spain | Cross-sectional | NS | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 48.6 (13.1) | 78 | 22.5 (12.6) | 176 | 57 | 32.4 |
| Arends 2011, 9 [37] | Netherlands | Cross-sectional | 2004–2009 | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 41 (11.1) | 73 | 14 (NS) | 128 | 41 | 32 |
| Mermerci 2010, 8 [38] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | NS | T-L | Radiograph | >15% any height | MNY | 39.9 (10.9) | 75 | 10.5 (7.8) | 100 | 19 | 19 |
| Ghozlani 2009, 9 [39] | Morocco | Cross-sectional | 2007–2008 | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 38.9 (11.8) | 84 | 10.8 (6.6) | 80 | 34 | 42.5 |
| Caglayan 2007, 7 [40] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | NS | L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 36.8 (NS) | 100 | 7.6 (6.8) | 38 | 8 | 21.1 |
| Jun 2006, 8 [41] | Korea | Cross-sectional | 2004–2004 | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 30.7 (6.5) | 100 | 7.2 (5.4) | 68 | 11 | 16.2 |
| Lange 2005, 6 [42] | Germany | Cross-sectional | NS | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | NY | 44 (NS) | 63 | 19.5 (NS) | 84 | 9 | 10.7 |
| Baek 2004, 8 [43] | Korea | Cross-sectional | 1997–1998 | C-T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 28.1 (7.9) | 100 | 9.4 (5.1) | 76 | 3 | 3.9 |
| Maillefert 2001, 8 [44] | France | Cross-sectional | NS | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 37.3 (11.3) | 65 | 12.4 (8.6) | 54 | 2 | 3.7 |
| Toussirot 2001, 7 [45] | France | Cross-sectional | 1997–1999 | L | Radiograph | Genant | MNY | 39.1 (11.5) | 69 | 10.6 (8.3) | 71 | 1 | 1.4 |
| Mitra 2000, 7 [46] | England | Cross-sectional | NS | T-L | Radiograph | McCloskey | MNY | 37.8 (NS)* | 100 | 9.9 (NS)* | 66 | 11 | 16.7 |
| Sivri 1996, 6 [47] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | NS | T-L | Radiograph | >20% for T and >15% for L | NY | 36.8 (6.3) | 91 | 9.8 (6.8) | 22 | 9 | 40.9 |
| Donnelly 1994, 7 [48] | England | Cross-sectional | NS | T-L | Radiograph | McCloskey | NY | 43.9 (NS) | 71 | 16.4 (NS) | 87 | 8 | 9.2 |
| Cooper 1994, 8 [49] | USA | Cross-sectional | 1935–1989 | T-L | Radiograph | Radiologist report | MNY | 33.8 (12.3) | 77 | NS | 158 | 15 | 9.5 |
| Devogelaer 1992, 6 [50] | Belgium | Cross-sectional | NS | T-L | Radiograph | Genant | NY | 38.4 (NS) | 86 | 15.1 (NS) | 70 | 3 | 4.3 |
| Ralston 1990, 8 [51] | Scotland | Cross-sectional | NS | C-T-L | Radiograph | >20% for T and >15% for L | MNY | 41 (NS) | 88 | 17 (NS) | 111 | 20 | 18 |