Fig. 2.

Association of tissue factor (TF) and CD147 overexpression with extracellular vesicle (EV) production and invasion potential. The expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion CD147 on the plasma membrane of J82 cells was observed using confocal microscopy (A). To assess the vesicular export of CD147, GFP-labeled vesicles were derived from J82 cells transfected with the CD147-GFP construct and analyzed using flow cytometry (B). The lysates of the EVs were prepared using 0.1% Triton™ X-100. EVs were derived from human bladder urothelial carcinoma J82 cells co-transfected with TF and CD147 plasmids. The EVs were quantified using NTA in the 48-h culture supernatant of J82 cells overexpressing CD147 and TF versus that of the control transfection condition (C). Invasion potency was measured by a Transwell assay, with 6–8 images of the cells that had passed through the coated microporous membrane after 24 h per experiment (D)