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. 2024 Feb 16;24:493. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-17921-3

Table 3.

Associations of pandemic-related healthcare interruptions and diabetes distress among adults with Type 1 and 2 diabetes in the US, NHIS 2021

Adults with Type 1 diabetes (n = 228)
OR (95% CI; p-value)
Exposure No Diabetes Distress Moderate Diabetes Distress High Diabetes Distress
Reported delayed medical care* Unadjusted Ref 4.21 (1.85–9.58; p < 0.001) 4.17 (1.68–10.32; p = 0.002)
Adjusted1 Ref 4.31 (1.91–9.72; p < 0.001) 3.69 (1.20–11.30; p = 0.020)
Reported not receiving medical care** Unadjusted Ref 3.21 (1.26–8.15; p = 0.010) 3.76 (1.40-10.09; p = 0.009)
Adjusted1 Ref 3.41 (1.31–8.87; p = 0.010) 3.07 (0.82–11.50; p = 0.100)

Adults with Type 2 diabetes (n = 2534)

OR (95% CI; p-value)

Reported delayed medical care* Unadjusted Ref 1.72 (1.35–2.19; p < 0.001) 2.60 (1.75–3.86; p < 0.001)
Adjusted1 Ref 1.61 (1.25–2.07; p < 0.001) 2.27 (1.48–3.49; p < 0.001)
Reported not receiving medical care** Unadjusted Ref 1.54 (1.67–2.03; p = 0.002) 2.65 (1.73–4.06; p < 0.001)
Adjusted1 Ref 1.37 (1.03–1.83; p = 0.03) 2.08 (1.27–3.39; p = 0.003)

Notes: Odds ratios were estimated for multinomial logistic regression models with levels of diabetes distress as the outcome (reference = no diabetes distress) and healthcare disruptions as the exposure

* Reference: Did not report delayed medical care

**Reference: Did not report not receiving medical care

1 Adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, income, health insurance status, marital status, employment status, geographical region, anxiety, and depression