Table 1.
Comparisons of Baseline Characteristics Received ACE inhibitor, ARB, or Thiazide After Propensity Score Matching in South Korea and the United States
| Patients Received ACE inhibitors or ARB | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | |||||||
| South Korea | United States | ||||||
| Characteristics |
ACE inhibitor
( n = 21 410) |
ARB
( n = 577 637) |
aSMD |
ACE inhibitor
( n = 2 130 393) |
ARB
( n = 2 151 531) |
aSMD | |
| Socio-demographics | |||||||
| Male | 13 766 (64.3) | 369 687 (64.0) | < 0.01 | 1 065 196 (50.0) | 1 077 917 (50.1) | < 0.01 | |
| < 45 years | 8 607 (40.2) | 232 210 (40.2) | < 0.01 | 752 029 (35.3) | 761 642 (35.4) | < 0.01 | |
| ≥ 45 years | 12 803 (59.8) | 345 427 (59.8) | < 0.01 | 1 378 364 (64.7) | 1 389 889 (64.6) | < 0.01 | |
| Medical history | |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 508 (30.4) | 186 576 (32.3) | 0.04 | 430 339 (20.2) | 436 760 (20.3) | < 0.01 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 13 017 (60.8) | 358 134 (62.0) | 0.02 | 1 024 719 (48.1) | 1 041 341 (48.4) | < 0.01 | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 3 511 (16.4) | 91 266 (15.8) | 0.02 | 61 781 (2.9) | 60 242 (2.8) | < 0.01 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 513 (2.4) | 13 863 (2.4) | < 0.01 | 44 738 (2.1) | 45 182 (2.1) | < 0.01 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 471 (2.2) | 14 440 (2.5) | 0.02 | 70 302 (3.3) | 73 152 (3.4) | < 0.01 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1 370 (6.4) | 39 279 (6.8) | 0.01 | 85 215 (4.0) | 86 061 (4.0) | < 0.01 | |
| Depressive disorder | 1 477 (6.9) | 41 589 (7.2) | 0.01 | 140 605 (6.6) | 142 001 (6.6) | < 0.01 | |
| Anxiety disorder | 2 012 (9.4) | 54 875 (9.5) | < 0.01 | 104 389 (4.9) | 105 425 (4.9) | < 0.01 | |
| Medication use | |||||||
| Antidiabetics | 7 900 (36.9) | 228 744 (39.6) | 0.06 | 317 428 (14.9) | 318 426 (14.8) | < 0.01 | |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 9 056 (42.3) | 250 116 (43.3) | 0.02 | 594 379 (27.9) | 602 428 (28.0) | < 0.01 | |
| Anti-thrombotic agents | 13 402 (62.6) | 362 756 (62.8) | < 0.01 | 134 214 (6.3) | 133 394 (6.2) | < 0.01 | |
| Antidepressants | 2 783 (13.0) | 77 981 (13.5) | 0.01 | 328 080 (15.4) | 327 032 (15.2) | < 0.01 | |
| Anxiolytics | 5 630 (26.3) | 151 918 (26.3) | < 0.01 | 189 605 (8.9) | 189 334 (8.8) | < 0.01 | |
| Patients Received ACE inhibitors or Thiazide | |||||||
| No. (%) | |||||||
| South Korea | United States | ||||||
| Characteristics |
ACE inhibitor ( n = 9 852) |
Thiazide ( n = 70 491) |
aSMD |
ACE inhibitor ( n = 1 777 108) |
Thiazide ( n = 1 864 047) |
aSMD | |
| Socio-demographics | |||||||
| Male | 5 408 (54.9) | 39 545 (56.1) | 0.03 | 662 861 (37.3) | 699 017 (37.5) | < 0.01 | |
| < 45 years | 3 566 (36.2) | 25 024 (35.5) | 0.01 | 630 873 (35.5) | 680 377 (36.5) | 0.04 | |
| ≥ 45 years | 6 286 (63.8) | 45 466 (64.5) | 0.01 | 1 146 235 (64.5) | 1 183 670 (63.5) | 0.04 | |
| Medical history | |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 157 (21.9) | 17 058 (24.2) | 0.05 | 188 373 (10.6) | 193 860 (10.4) | < 0.01 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 4 738 (48.1) | 35 597 (50.5) | 0.05 | 639 758 (36.0) | 665 464 (35.7) | < 0.01 | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 886 (9.0) | 6 837 (9.7) | 0.03 | 31 987 (1.8) | 33 552 (1.8) | < 0.01 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 177 (1.8) | 1 409 (2.0) | < 0.01 | 30 210 (1.7) | 29 824 (1.6) | < 0.01 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 98 (1.0) | 775 (1.1) | < 0.01 | 35 542 (2.0) | 35 416 (1.9) | 0.01 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 610 (6.2) | 4 581 (6.5) | 0.02 | 53 313 (3.0) | 52 193 (2.8) | 0.01 | |
| Depressive disorder | 817 (8.3) | 5 850 (8.3) | < 0.01 | 149 277 (8.4) | 152 851 (8.2) | < 0.01 | |
| Anxiety disorder | 1 123 (11.4) | 7 824 (11.1) | 0.01 | 97 740 (5.5) | 100 658 (5.4) | < 0.01 | |
| Medication use | |||||||
| Antidiabetics | 2 226 (22.6) | 17 834 (25.3) | 0.06 | 108 403 (6.1) | 111 842 (6.0) | < 0.01 | |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 2 699 (27.4) | 20 583 (29.2) | 0.04 | 300 331 (16.9) | 316 888 (17.0) | < 0.01 | |
| Anti-thrombotic agents | 5 773 (58.6) | 41 237 (58.5) | < 0.01 | 70 969 (4.5) | 80 154 (4.3) | 0.01 | |
| Antidepressants | 1 418 (14.4) | 10 150 (14.4) | < 0.01 | 312 771 (17.6) | 318 752 (17.1) | 0.01 | |
| Anxiolytics | 3 014 (30.6) | 20 865 (29.6) | 0.02 | 181 265 (10.2) | 186 404 (10.0) | 0.01 | |
ACE, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme; ARB, Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers; PS: propensity score; aSMD: absolute standardized mean difference